Age differences of reindeer rumen bacterial composition in Russian Arctic

Reindeer husbandry is a strategically important industry providing the population of Russian Arctic regions with food. An important role in the life of Rangifer tarandus is played by ruminal microorganisms-symbionts, which enable animals to effectively use scarce nutrient resources of the tundra and forest-tundra. However, the reindeer ruminal microbial community and its age-related changes are the least studied among other ruminants. In this study, the comparative analysis results of rumen bacterial community composition of calf (4 months), young (1-2 years) and adults (3-6 years) Rangifer tarandus of the Russian Arctic are presented for the first time. Samples of ruminal contents were selected in the summer-autumn period in 2017 from three animals of each age group in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. The reindeer ruminal bacterial community composition was analyzed in the laboratory of the "BIOTROF +" Ltd. by T-RFLP method. In the ontogenesis, significant changes in the microorganisms’ representation were noticed, the greatest of which was noted in microorganism involved to carbohydrates fermentation. The content of cellulolytic bacteria of the Clostridia class and the acid-utilizing species of the Negativicutes class (P <0.05) decreased with age, bacteria with the amylo- and cellulosolytic properties of the phylum Bacteroidetes increased (P <0.05). A wide range of microorganisms, which traditionally belong to the pathogens of various animals’ and humans’ diseases was revealed. With age, a tendency to increase the number of pathogens, including the bacteria of the families Campylobacteraceae, Burkholderiaceae, phylum Fusobacteria, and the genus Staphylococcus was noticed. The greatest percent of opportunistic microorganisms, including of phylum Actinobacteria and the family Enterobacteriacea, was detected in young animals.

Rangifer tarandus, T-RFLP-анализ, reindeer, Rangifer tarandus, rumen bacterial community, molecular-genetic methods, T-RFLP-analysis, ontogeny, summer-autumn period, Russian Arctic regions

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