Age-related changes in meat quality domesticated reindeer

Qualitative indicators of domestic reindeer meat at slaughter at the age of 6, 18 months and adult animals were studied. It is established that the mass of 6-month-old deer is almost 2 times inferior to adults, at the age of 18, this difference is reduced to 28.3 %. Slaughter yield varies slightly. With age in reindeer by 20-27 % increases the coefficient of meatiness, 14-34 % - the cross-sectional area of the longest muscle of the back, for 17-46 % of the diameter of muscular fibers. With age, due to the increase in fat content, increases the energy value of venison by 8-13%. In almost all investigated indicators, besides the output, adult deer had a significant advantage before the young. A comparative evaluation of the amino acid composition of deer meat showed that 6-month animals yield 18-month content of lysine (42.0 %), histidine (25.0 %), arginine (34.0 %), methionine (50.0 %), isoleucine (36.0 %) with a significant degree of difference (p ≤ 0.001). Young venison is superior to adult deer meat in content of almost all essential amino acids except arginine (the difference is unreliable). The sum of essential amino acids meat 18 month reindeer is superior to meat from adults and 6 month old animals, respectively, 36.3 % and 17.8 %; the sum of the nonessential amino acids superiority was 62.5 % and 10.2 %. The amino acid index was 1.03 at the age of 6 months, 1.10 at the age of 18 months, and 1.19 in adult deer. The content of hydroxyproline with age in deer decreases more than twice. As a result, the protein quality index of 18-month males and females exceeds protein quality indicator 6-month by 41 %, and 18 %. Organoleptic characteristics of meat and broth in 6-month-old calves were evaluated by experts as the lowest. The taste quality of cooked meat from 18-month-old rabbits was the highest, and the quality of the broth is higher in adult reindeer. The total score of the reindeer at slaughter at the age of 18 months was equal to adult males. Economic efficiency of slaughter deer at 6 months of age exceeds the slaughter efficiency of adults in two times.

reindeer, meat quality, meat productivity, protein quality index, amino acid composition, meat precocity, organoleptic indicators

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