The optimal parameters of development highly productive cows of black-and-white breed

Intensification of dairy cattle breeding has an impact on the requirements for the development and health of animals. Studies of domestic and foreign scientists found that the intensity of the development of heifers of dairy breeds affects the level of their productivity. Animals with poor development, as well as overfed during cultivation, have low milk production. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal parameters of development of cows of the 1st calving of black-and-white breed in the early age periods, allowing to obtain high milk production. Studies were carried out on 455 cows of the 1st calving of the black-and-white breed of breeding farms of the Vologda region. Indicators of live weight of cows in the early age periods of growth and milk yield in 1st lactation used data valuation software system "Seleks". In the studied sample of animals for all age periods the variability of live weight CV = 8,03 % - 9,44 % and average daily gain CV = 11,8% - 28,6% is noted. The maximum relative growth rate is observed in the period from birth to 6 months-364.6%. In subsequent periods, the growth rate of heifers slows down significantly: from 6 to 10 months, this figure is 54.2%, from 10 to 12 months 17%. It is established that milk yield from 9000 kg of milk and above is received from cows which at cultivation developed more intensively and had average daily gains in the period from birth to 6 months not below 600 grams, from 6 to 12 months - 800-950 grams, from 12 to 18 months over 900 grams. The average daily weight gain of highly productive cows in the early age periods is higher than that of cows with milk yield less than 8000 kg per 16 g, 73 g and 61 g of milk. It is also noted that the development of highly productive cows is uniform. In highly productive cows, the difference between the average daily weight gain by age was 9-21 g. the results Of the studies can be used by specialists of agricultural organizations in the cultivation of breeding young animals, in order to obtain highly productive animals.

dairy cattle breeding, development, live weight, average daily gain, milk productivity

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