Characteristics of micropulation of the nenets reindeer of malozemelskaya tundra NAO
https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2020-2-37-43
Abstract
The territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) has a large length from north to south and from west to east within the borders, which distinguish different biotopes that have been used for breeding reindeer for a long time. The aim of our research was the genetic and exterior assessment of reindeer micropopulations of SRO "Tabseda" (TABS) and marine brigades of the SEC "Indiga" (INDM), formed in the biotopes of the western and eastern parts of one geomorphological region of the Malozemelskaya tundra of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. For analysis, we used the results of molecular genetic studies on nine STR markers, zootechnical examination of animals on 10 main features of the exterior and live weight, characteristics of physique, agroecological assessment of pastures (description of the relief, hydrographic network, zonal division of the vegetation cover, calculation of the INDM vegetation index in Landsat -8 and Sentinel-2A). According to the analysis of long-term values of the vegetation index NDVI, TABS pastures differ from INDM in low biological productivity, the vegetation of which is formed in vast lowlands with a highly developed hydrographic network. The micropopulation of TABS was characterized by high rates of genetic diversity: the average number of alleles (Na) per locus was 8.22, information alleles - 5.33, effective - 4.46 and private - 0.89. Heterozygous deficiency was noted in both TABS and INDM micropopulations (8.8 and 12.1%). Based on the obtained data on the exterior indicators, the INDM females had a number of advantages over TABS in chest girth (125.8 and 121.2 cm, p> 0.95), oblique body length (108.5 and 106.5 cm, p = 0, 95) and live weight (104.2 and 95.9 kg, p> 0.999), while males - by chest depth (47.5 and 44.7 cm, p> 0.99), chest width (29.9 and 27.5 cm, p> 0.99) and oblique body length (119.5 and 116.5 cm, p> 0.95), respectively. Thus, the reindeer micropopulations TABS and INDM located in the Malozemelskaya tundra have genetic and morphological differences that are associated with different environmental conditions.
About the Authors
T. Romanenko
Naryan-Mar branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Research Center for the Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after academician N. P. Laverov of the Russian Academy of Sciences — Naryan-Mar Agricultural Experimental Station»
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
PhD (Biol. Sci)
166000, Naryan-Mar, Rybnikov street, 1 A
V. Kharzinova
«Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. Ernst»
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
PhD (Biol. Sci)
142132, Moscow Region, Podolsk Municipal District, Dubrovitsy, 60
K. Laishev
Federal State Budgetary Institution «North-West Center for Interdisciplinary Research of Food Security Problems»
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dr. Habil. (Vet. Sci.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor
196608, St. Petersburg, Pushkin, Podbelsky highway, 7
References
1. Laishev K. A. Current state and prospects of food supply of the population of the North of the Russian Federation and its scientific support / K. A. Laishev, V. A. Zabrodin / Current state and prospects of food supply of the population of the North of the Russian Federation and its scientific support // Mat. SSRC of the meeting and of the Committee on agriculture and the PR of the Murmansk region. — Murmansk, 2014. — 15 p.
2. Ohapkin S. K., Dunin I. M., Rozhkov Yu. I. Selection and evolutionary process. — M., from: VNIIplem, 1975. — 8 p.
3. Report of the Minister of natural resources and ecology Of the Russian Federation S. E. Donskoy // Scientific and technical problems of Arctic development. — M.: Science. — 2015. — 11 p.
4. Romanenko T. M. Comprehensive assessment of agricultural populations of domestic reindeer / T. M. Romanenko, G. I. Filippova, Yu. P. Well // Advances in modern science and education. — 2016. — ‹ 11. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://web.snauka.ru/issues/
5. Lavrinenko I. A. Geobotanical zoning of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra and adjacent territories // Geobotanical mapping. — SPb., 2013. — 77 p.
6. Romanenko T. M. Assessment of genetic diversity of ecological population of domestic reindeer of SPK «Coophoz» Erv «Nenets JSC/G.I. Filippova // Second International Conference «Natural Resources and Integrated Development of Coastal Areas of the Arctic Zone». — Arkhangelsk, 2016. — P. 396–401.
7. Harzinova V. R. Development of multiplex panel of microsatellites to assess the validity of origin and degree of differentiation of reindeer populations (Rangifer tarandus) / E. A. Gladyr, V. I. Fyodorov, T. M. Romanenko, L. D. Shimit, K. A. Laishev, L. A. 2015 50(6). — P. 756–765.
8. Peakall R., Smouse P.E. GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research — an update. Bioinformatics, 2012, 28: — P. 2537–2539.
9. Gulcak F. J. Northern reindeer husbandry. — å., 1954 — 43 p.
10. Agroclimatic conditions for deer grazing in the North of the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Arkhangelsk Region. — Syktyvkar, Komi book. from 1988, p. 21.
11. Lavrinenko I. A. Perform fractional geobotanic zoning of Malozemel tundra with characteristic of species composition and structure of vegetation and landscape-ecological features of districts and districts, condition of deer pastures/O.V. Lavrinenko O.V.//Report on NIR Naryan-Marskaya SHOS. 2018. — P. 34–36.
12. Map of vegetation of the European part of the USSR. Kanino-Timan and Malozemel tundra. ç‡Û˜. Ed. S. A. Kruova, E. M. Lavrenko. M 1:1,000. M., 1976.
13. Yuzhakov A. A., Mukhachev A. D. Ethnic reindeer breeding of Western Siberia: Nenets type. — Krasnoborsk, GUP RPO FROM Russian Academy of agricultural Sciences. — 2001. — 107 p.
Review
For citations:
Romanenko T., Kharzinova V., Laishev K. Characteristics of micropulation of the nenets reindeer of malozemelskaya tundra NAO. Genetics and breeding of animals. 2020;(2):37-43. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2020-2-37-43
Views:
496
Email this article 