Biological functions of breed-specific SNP-markers of meat productivity in cattle of the Kazakh white-headed and Auliekol breeds

Purpose: to obtain data and analysis of the biological functions of the cartridges of the Candidates of the meat productivity of the cattle of the Kazakh white-headed and Aulicol breed, identified using the Geneseek GGP BOVINE 150K biochip, with an average coating density of 150,000 SNP (“Illumina Inc.”, USA).

The article presents the results of assessing the biological functions of breed-specific SNPs that mark increased meat productivity in cattle of the Kazakh white-headed and Auliekol breeds. Using the GeneSeek GGP Bovine 150K biochip, with an average coverage density of 150,000 SNPs (Illumina Inc., USA), breed-specific regions were found on chromosomes 5, 6, and 14 for the Kazakh white-headed and Auliekol breeds.

In cattle of the Kazakh white-headed breed, 4 genotypes were found, marking increased and 2 genotypes, marking reduced meat productivity in calves at the age of 12 months. The Auliekol breed has 2 genotypes, marking increased and 2 genotypes, marking reduced meat productivity in calves at the age of 12 months. In cattle of the Auliekol breed, 2 breed-specific markers of increased and 2 markers of reduced live weight of calves at the age of 12 months were found.

In both breeds, the protein-coding genes of the breed-specific regions of the genome are mostly involved in cellular biological processes, metabolic pathways, and mechanisms of biological regulation. Their share in the Kazakh white-headed is 24.7, 14.3 and 13.0%, and in the Auliekol 26.6, 21.3 and 16.0 %, respectively.

Among the established genetic markers in both breeds, the involvement in the regulation of the trait of live weight of calves at the age of 12 months of gene networks of cellular processes, genes of biological regulation, genes of metabolic processes remains unchanged. Their share in the Kazakh white-headed and Auliekol breeds is 22.2 and 25.0%, 22.2 and 25.0 % and 11.1 and 25.0 %, respectively.

Also, stimulation recognition genes have a marking effect on the live weight trait. Their share among the genes localized in the breed-specific area is minimal - 9.1 and 8.2% - and among the marker genes it reaches 22.2 and 12.5% for the Kazakh white-headed and Auliekol breeds, respectively.

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