Associations of DNA microsatellite locus and muscle protein amino acids in Rangifer tarandus reindeer

Purpose: study the correlations of STR-markers of DNA and amino acids of reindeer meat protein.

Materials and methods: Amino acid analysis was performed according to GOST 34132–2017 «Meat and meat products. Method for determining the amino acid composition of animal protein». When setting up multiplex PCR STR, primers and microsatellite DNA loci used for deer (Cervidae) were taken. The nomenclature of loci corresponds to the world standard.

Results. Information is provided on the quantitative content of amino acids in the protein of M. longissimus dorsi, on the size of amplicons, the association of amino acids and STR loci in a sample of Chukchi deer. The coefficient of variability of essential amino acids ranged from 7.9 to 11.8 %, which can provide an acceptable level of selection for this trait. Amino acids are associated with each other mainly statistically significantly, the degree of closeness of the relationship varies from medium to strong. Less closely correlated with other amino acids were methionine and proline. Most indicators of the relationship between microsatellite loci and amino acids turned out to be insignificant in magnitude, statistically unreliable and reverse in direction, which practically indicates the absence of a relationship between the traits. At the same time, a significant correlation of individual STR markers with amino acids was revealed. In particular, the NVHRT30 locus is associated with the essential amino acids VAL, LEU, ILE, THR with a coupling coefficient equal to: r₁ = -0.322; r₂ = -0.290; r₃ = -0.272 and r₄ = -0.437, respectively.

Conclusion. The data obtained fit into the framework of the well-known thesis about the localization of microsatellites mainly in the non-coding regions of the DNA molecule. However, they can also be located in promoter regions and have linkage with candidate genes of quantitative trait loci. It is necessary to continue research in the chosen direction on other populations of the range in order to accumulate more significant amounts of information.

1. Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition: Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation WHO technical report series Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization. – 2007. – № 935. – 265 p.

2. Molchanova E. N. Physiology of nutrition. / Collection: Trinity bridge. – 2013. – 240 p.

3. Picard B. Skeletal muscle proteomics in livestock production / B. Picard, C. Berri, L. Lefaucheur, C. Molette, T. Sayd, C. Terlouw // Briefings in Functional Genomics. – 2010. – № 9(3). – P. 259-278.

4. Rodriges R. T. Differences in beef quality between angus ( Bos taurus taurus) and nellore ( Bos taurus indicus) cattle through a proteomic and phosphoproteomic approach / R. T. Rodriges, M. L. Chizzotti, C. E. Vital, et al. PLoS ONE. – 2017. – № 12(1).

5. Dimov K., Kalev R., Penchev P. Effect of finishing diet with excluded silage on amino-acid, fatty-acid, and mineral composition of meat (m. longisimus dorsi) in calves / K. Dimov, R. Kalev, P. Penchev // Bulg. J. Agric. Sci. 2012. – № 18(2). – P. 288-295.

6. Hoffman L. C. The effects of region and gender on the fatty acid, amino acid, mineral, myoglobin and collagen contents of impala (Aepyceros melampus) meat / L. C. Hoffman, B. Kritzinger, A. Ferreira V Meat Science. – 2005. – № 69(3). – P. 551-558.

7. Abramov A.F., Neustroev M.P., Stepanov K.M., Robbek N. S. Meat productivity and nutritional value of the meat of the home northern deer of Yakutia // M. – 2011. – 117 p.

8. The instructions for the northern deer are bonitic // Novosibirsk. – 1988. – 20 p.

9. Mukhachev A. D. Tribal work in the northern reindeer husbandry: Method. Recommendations / under. Ed. A.I. Solomakh [et al.] // Vaskhnil. Sib. Department. NIIISH of the Far North. – Novosibirsk. – 1988. – Р. 3-5.

10. Zinovieva N. A. et al. Introduction to molecular genetic diagnosis of agricultural animals // Dubrovitsa. – 2002. – 112 p.

11. Sheiko I. P., Ganja A. I., Zhurina N. V., Kovalchuk M. A., Kurak O. P. Methodological recommendations on the use of pigs genotyping using microsatellite locums of DNA // Zhodino. – 2015. – Р. 1-17.

12. Bannikova A. A. Molecular markers and modern phylogenetics of mammals / A. A. Bannikova // Journal of General Biology. – 2004. – Vol. 65. – P. 278-305.

13. Wang, W. Polymorphizm of growth hormone gene in 12 pig breeds and its relationship with pig growth and carcass traits / W. Wang, L. Huang, J. Gao et. al. Asian-Australasian J, Anim. Sci. – 2003. – Vol. 16 (2). – P. 161-164.

14. Ibeagha-Awemu E.M. Critical analysis of production-associated DNA polymorphisms in the genes of cattle, goat, sheep, and pig / E. M. Ibeagha-Awemu, P. Kgwatalala, X. A. Zhao // Mammalian Genome. – 2008. – Vol. 19. – P. 591-617.

15. Li C. The identification of common haplotypes on bovine chromosome 5 within commercial lines of Bos Taurus and their associations with growth traits / C. Li, J. Basarab, W. M. Snelling et. al. // Journals of Animal Science. – 2002. – Vol. 80. – P. 1187-1194.

16. Glazko V. I. Issr-PCR Markers and mobile genetic elements in the genomes of agricultural species of mammals / V.I. Glazko, E. A. Gladir, A. V. Feofilov. // Agricultural Biology. – 2013. – № 2. – Р. 71-76.

17. Hemleben V. satellite DNA / V. Hemleben, T. Beridze, L. Bakhman, J. Kovarik, R. Torres // Successes of biological chemistry. – 2003. – Vol. 43. – Р. 267-306.

18. Khleskina E.K. Molecular markers in genetic research and selection / E.K. Khleskina // Vavilovsky Journal of Genetics and Selection. – 2013. – Vol. 17. – ‹ 4/2. – ê. 1044-1054.

19. 34132-2017. Interstate standard meat and meat products. Methods for determining the amino acid composition of animal protein. Meat and Meat Products. Determination of Amino Acids Composition of Animal Protein. MKC 67.120.10 / Date of introduction 2019-0101.

20. Methodological instructions for identifying tribal animals. (Compilers Dunin I. M., Kalashnikov A. E., Kalashnikova L. A., Pavlova I. Yu. Et.). – VNIILOV. – Forest glades. – 2020. – 95 p.

21. Wilson G. A. Characterization of microsatellite loci in caribou Rangifer tarandus, and their use in other artio-dactyls / G. A. Wilson, C. Strobeck, L. Wu, J. W. Coffin // Mol Ecology. – 1997. – Vol. 6. – P. 697-699.

22. Roed K. H. Microsatellites in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus and their use in other cervids / K. H. Roed, L. Midthjell // Mol Ecology. – 1998. – Vol. 7 (12). – P. 1773-1776.

23. Merkuryeva E. K. Biometry in the selection and genetics of agricultural animals. – M.: Kolos. – 1970. – 422 p.

24. Falconer D.S. The introduction of quantitative features into the genetics. – M.: Agropromizdat. – 1985. – 486.

25. Altukhov Yu. P. Genetic processes in populations. – M. – 1983. – 279 p.

26. Deichman A. M. Genetic code: the interaction of amino acids of proteins (fragments, peptides) in accordance with various rules, principles, codes. Rule of exceptions // M.: Manuscript Dep. In Viniti. – 1996. – № 2080-V96. – 53 . URL: www.amdeich-var-reverse-translation.ru. (Date of circulation: 12.09.2021).

27. Surundaeva L. G. Early diagnosis of amino acid composition of cattle meat on the carriage of the mutation of the Capn1 / L. G. Surundaeva, D. B. Kosyan, E. A. Rusakov, O. V. Kvan, EV Sheida // Modern problems of science and education. – 2014. – № 2.

28. Go M. Correlation of DNA exonic regions with protein structural units in hemoglobin / M. Go // Nature. – 1981. – Vol.291. – P. 90-92.

29. Zuckerkandl E., Pauling L. Evolutionary divergence and convergence in proteins // In: Evolving Genes and Proteins. Eds. V. Bryson, H.J. Vogel. N.Y.: Academic Press. – 1965. – P. 97-166.