Genetic structure of purebreed Belgian Blue, Charolaiis and Aberdeen Angus breeds by genes associated with quality indicators of meat

Purpose: molecular genetic testing of purebred bulls of the Belgian blue, Charolais and Aberdeen Angus breeds and determination of the frequency of occurrence of genotypes and alleles by the genes of calpain, myostatin and thyroglobulin.
Materials and methods. For the experiment, biological material (sperm) of purebred bulls of the blue Belgian, Charolais and Aberdeen Angus breeds was used. DNA genotyping of bulls by the genes of calpain (CAPN1), myostatin (MSDN) and thyroglobulin (TG5) was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and polymorphism of the lengths of the extraction fragments (PDRF). Nuclear DNA was isolated by the perchlorate method. The solution for DNA isolation was prepared according to T.Maniatis et al.[11], and solutions manufactured by ODO "Primtech" Republic of Belarus were used for amplification and restriction. 
Results. Having studied the genetic structure of purebred bulls of the blue Belgian, Charolais and Aberdeen Angus breeds, it was found that animals of all breeds are monomorphic to MSTN (100 %) according to the MSTN gene. According to the calpain gene (CAPN1), polymorphism was established in blue Belgian bulls and homozygous CAPN1GG genotype (50 %) and heterozygous CAPN1AG (50 %) were identified, homozygous CAPN1GG genotype (25 %) and heterozygous CAPN1AG (75 %) were identified in individuals of the Aberdeen Angus breed. According to the TG5 gene, the producing bulls of the blue Belgian breed are monomorphic TGCC (100 %). The bulls of the Charolais and Aberdeen Angus breeds have a thyroglobulin gene polymorphism: the Charolais breed has homozygous TG5CC (50 %) and heterozygous TG5TC (50 %), and the Aberdeen Angus bulls have heterozygous TG5TC (50 %) and two homozygous TG5TT (25 %) and TG5CC (25 %).
Conclusions. The genetic structure of purebred blue Belgian, Charolais and Aberdeen Angus bulls based on the genes of calpain, myostatin and thyroglobulin. The genetic structure of purebred stud bulls of the Blue Belgian, Charolais and Aberdeen Angus breeds indicates that animals of all breeds are monomorphic according to the MSTN gene. In bulls of the blue Belgian breed, polymorphism was established and the homozygous genotype CAPN1GG (50%) and heterozygous CAPN1AG (50 %) were identified, and in individuals of the Aberdeen Angus breed, the homozygous genotype CAPN1GG (25 %) and heterozygous CAPN1AG (75 %) were identified. In Charolais breeding bulls, polymorphism was established for the TG5 gene and the homozygous genotype TG5CC (50%) and heterozygous genotype TG5TC (50 %) were identified.

1. Marker assisted selection in German Holstein dairy cattle breeding: outline of the program and marker assisted breeding value estimation / Nnewitz [et. al.] // Book of abstracts of the 54th annual meeting of the European Association for Animal Prodution, Rome, Italy, 31 August – 3 September 2003 / ed. Y. van der Honing. – Wageningen, 2003. – P. 5.

2. Miquel M. C. The association of CAPN1 316 marker genotype with growth and meat quality traits of steers finished on pasture / M. C. Miquel [et. al.] // Genetics a. Molecular Biology. – 2009. – Vol. 32. – № 3. – P. 491—496.

3. Cesas E. Effect of calpastain and micro-calpain markers in beef cattle on tendeness traints / E. Casas [et. al.] // J. of Animal Sciene. – 2006. – Vol. 84. – №3. – P. 520–525.

4. Corva P. Association of CAPN1 and CAST gene polymorphisms with meat tendeness in Bos Taurus beef from Argentina / P. Corva [et. al.] // Genetics a. Molecular Biology. – 2007. – Vol. 30. – № 4. – P. 1064–1069.

5. Chung H. Y. Effects of genetic variants for the calpastain gene on calpastatin activy and meat tenderness–in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) /H.Y. Chung // Meat Science. – 2012. – Vol. 90. – № 3. – P. 711–714.

6. Wheler T. L. The effects of Piedmontese inheritance and myostatin genotype on the palatability of longissimus thoracis, gluteus medius, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris / T. L. Wheler [et. al.] // J. of Animal Science. – 2001. – Vol. 79. – №12. – P. 3069–3074.

7. Khsanah H. Polymorphism of myostatin (MSTN) promoter gene and its association with growth and muscling traits in Bali cattle / H. Khsanah [et. al.] // Media Peternakan. – 2016. – Vol. 39. – № 2. – P. 95–103.

8. Polymorphism of myostatin, calpain, thyroglobulin genes and its relationship with productivity and beef quality of young beef cattle: abstract of dissertation for the degree of Cand. Sci. (Agricultural Sciences) / N. A. Sonich // Grodno: GSU. – 2022. – 22 p.

9. Barendse W. The TG5 thyroglobulin gene test for a marbling quantitative trait loci evaluated in feedlot cattle / W. Barendse [et. al.] // Austal. J. of Experimental Agriculture. – 2004. – Vol. 44. – № 7. – P. 669–674.

10. Maniatis T. Methods of genetic engineering. Molecular cloning / T. Maniatis [et al.] // Moscow: Mir, 1984. – 480 p.

11. Merkuryeva E. K. Biometry in breeding and genetics of farm animals / E. K. Merkuryeva. - M., Kolos, 1970. – 424 p.