Origin of Domestic Reindeer Populations (Rangifer tarandus L.) in the Eastern Arctic and Subarctic Area

Purpose: to study the origin of agricultural populations of Rangifer tarandus in the Far North-East of Russia.

Materials and Methods. Special scientific literature based on archival primary sources and zootechnical information from annual reports of reindeer herding farms in the Magadan Region and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug were used. An analytical research method was used, and the reindeer population of the North-East served as a model.

Results. Domestic reindeer populations in the Arctic and Subarctic zones of the Far East were formed on the basis of combining the population of nomadic aborigines. Reindeer herding in the 1930-1960s was characterized by permanent economic transformations. Joint grazing partnerships were created by combining the reindeer of private owners. During the era of total collectivization, the latter began to be part of larger economic structures - artels, collective farms. In the 1930-1940s, the Dalstroy State Trust created a number of large reindeer herding state farms in the Northeast to provide food for the growing population of mining regions. During the reorganization, herds were regrouped and large masses of animals were mixed, which led to a significant increase in migration, introgression, biodiversity, enrichment of gene pools, an increase in heterozygosity and heterosis, growth in productivity, live weight, fertility, viability of reindeer, and a decrease in barrenness as a result of crossing genetically unrelated and ecologically different animal groups. Such economically significant features as business yield of calves, survival of the herd, live weight, fatness characterize the reproductive and adaptive properties of the North-East reindeer as sufficiently adapted to the extreme conditions of the range. The largest population of reindeer in the USSR was formed.

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