Changes in the development parameters of black-and-white heifers depending on various factors

The aim of the research is to identify the features and differences in the signs of development of black-and-whiteheifers in the regions of Russia under the influence of various factors.

Materials and methods. The research was conducted on a sample of data on live weight (LW) and average daily gain (ADG) in first–calving cows born in 2009–2019 (n=74149) lactating in 32 regions of 6 federal districts (FD) of the Russian Federation. The coefficients of genetic correlation and heritability were calculated using a genetic covariance structure using a Limited Maximum Likelihood Estimation (REML) analysis of variance using the RENUMF90.

Results. When studying the variability of LW and ADG in different periods of heifer development, the LW of heifers turned out to be less variable, in contrast to their ADG. The coefficients of both genetic and phenotypic correlation indicate fluctuations from a weak to a very strong relationship between LW in different time periods of heifer development. Correlations of LW heifers with milk yield of 1 lactation in the period from 1—12 months. Their cultivars are positive, but the genetic ones are twice as low as the phenotypic ones (0,119—0,173 versus 0,207 –0,361). The difference between LW the number of heifers in the studied periods of their development in the regions of the Russian Federation is small, but there are significant differences in ADG. A consistent increase in the fat content of heifers of all ages was revealed at their later birth.

Conclusion. The analysis of fat production in different periods of heifer development and the level of productivity after the 1st lactation showed that with more intensive growth of heifers, their milk yield is higher. With a progressive linear increase in the LW of heifers, they lose ADG in different periods of animal rearing show abrupt changes with a sharp increase at the age of 10 months and a subsequent decrease at 11 months. Monitoring of monthly ADG can be used as a forecast of the level of productivity of cows after the 1st lactation.

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