Organizational aspects of genetic resources preservation in farm animals: world experience

The problem of gene pool preservation (GPP) in animal husbandry is actual worldwide. The main organization in coordination of international activity in this field is FAO of UN and its profile branches. This paper presents an overview of the structure of FAO, organizations and bodies, taking part in GPP programs- national governments; universities and research institutes; commercial producers and full time farmers; part time farmers, backyard producers and fanciers; commercial breeding companies etc. Also are highlighted main documents and information sources, issued by FAO and references to the experience in solving related to GPP problems and approaches in various countries. The paper describes experience and approaches of GPP in some countries- USA, Brazil, Australia, Denmark, Turkey, Slovenia, Uganda, China; interaction between governmental bodies, research institutions, breeding associations and animal producers in those countries. Also there are described examples of financing and support of agricultural producers and farmers, who keep rare and disappearing breeds of farm animals and poultry. There is underlined, that the goal of such support is not only preservation of gene pools as elements of commercial animal production, but also as element of historical and cultural heritage and ecological balance. The article discusses actual tasks of GPP preservation in Russian Federation, mentions the institutions and organizations in charge for this topic and points out some steps, to be done to optimize GPP preservation in the country. Currently under development is a law, which empowers Russian Ministry of Agriculture to support various organizations, including research institutes, independently from their departmental affiliation. The adoption of this law and other steps will be favorable not only for preservation of valuable gene resources, but also for their active usage in practical breeding programs in order to improve variety of animal production

poultry, gene pool preservation, breeding

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