Polymorphic variants of the locus of the growth hormone gene and linkage disequilibrium in the populations of wild and domestic reindeer

Intensive development of the Arctic zone of Russia and the countries of Fennoscandia, as well as a significant change in the natural and climatic conditions of the reindeer habitat, the forced change in migration routes led to a reduction in the populations of wild and domestic reindeer, which makes it necessary to take measures to preserve and study them. Deer products are of great economic and strategic importance. However, the level of breeding and reproductive qualities is decreasing in the herds of domestic reindeer. Therefore, it is necessary to actively introduce modern scientific methods and technologies to improve domestic reindeer in Russia and the semi-domestic reindeer of Fennoscandia. This will improve their productive qualities, including meat production. Active use of DNA technology will solve this problem and increase the productivity of reindeer. We need to search for and study polymorphisms in genes that determine the growth and development of the body, in particular muscle tissue. These variants of genetic polymorphism can have a reliable relationship with the increase in body weight. Subsequently, it is possible to create a group of molecular genetic markers to increase the level of breeding in reindeer husbandry and to conduct analysis of populations of the genetic structure of wild and domestic reindeer. The most promising for reindeer breeding can be genes that have a studied physiological role in the process of formation of muscle mass in animals. А growth hormone or somatotropin gene is one of the most important genes that determine the processes of formation, growth and development of muscle and bone tissue in the organism. Somatotropin is a hormone that participates in anabolic processes in the body. It enhances protein biosynthesis in the cell and reduces the amount of fat deposits in the subcutaneous tissue, thereby increasing the ratio between fat and muscle mass in favor of the latter. Studies of variants of polymorphism in the growth hormone gene have revealed their reliable association with an increase in the body weight in farm animals. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms C920T, C805T and A755G analyzed in the region of the growth hormone gene (size 422 bp), identified by sequencing. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) calculated between the three SNPs found. Such an analysis may show that the mutation is causal.

SNP, reindeer, genetic polymorphism, growth hormone gene, SNP, linkage disequilibrium

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