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Breed composition and problems breeding of domesticated reindeer

Abstract

The article is devoted to the current state of four breeds of domestic reindeer in Russia and the problems of organization of breeding work in reindeer husbandry. The existing breeds are developed as a result of long-term "national selection", which retains its priority in the practice of modern reindeer husbandry. Scientists have studied the main morpho-biological indicators species standards and guidelines for the evaluation and breeding for all breeds of deer. It is established that the largest breed - Nenets, over the past 10 years it has the highest growth rates of livestock - more than 33%. The Chukchi and Evenki breed had a growth rate of 3.5-11.2 per cent, the Evenki negative dynamics of growth of 12.5%. Since 2007 there has been an increase in the number of breeding farms in the Northern reindeer herding from 2 to 28. the most important criterion for the selection of deer was their size, expressed in terms of live weight and linear body size. The data of the author and other researchers do not confirm the effectiveness of this direction of reindeer breeding due to the strong press of natural selection, low and unstable level of animal nutrition in pastures. The strong influence of the medium and the presence of a large number of random factors disrupt the optimal balance of the "genotype environment", prevent the implementation of polygenic quantitative features and expand modification variability. Analysis of heritability and repeatability coefficients showed that the reindeer of the Nenets breed had the most efficient selection by their own productivity (live weight) in 0.5 and 1.5 years. Individual selection in reindeer husbandry is not carried out due to the group system of male producers and the use of mats during the gon period(fertilization of females). Breeding work and integrated assessment reindeer in breeding farms are in most cases formal due to organizational and technical reasons and a shortage of qualified personnel. It is proposed to strengthen the role of genetic research in reindeer husbandry in order to solve such problems as evaluation of calves by origin and evaluation of producers by quality of offspring.

About the Author

A. .. Yuzhakov
North-West center of interdisciplinary problems of food supply
Russian Federation


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Review

For citations:


Yuzhakov A... Breed composition and problems breeding of domesticated reindeer. Genetics and breeding of animals. 2018;(1):96-101. (In Russ.)

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ISSN 2410-2733 (Print)