The genome editing of agricultural animals
Abstract
Effective genome editing tools (ZFNs, Talens and (CRISPR / Cas)) have shown their ability to revolutionize molecular biological research with the hopes of applied results promotion. CRISPR / Cas as an evolutionarily acquired immune system of bacteria and archaea that prevents the invasion of viruses or plasmids has been successfully adapted for editing the genome of eukaryotes. CRISPR / Cas systems are currently divided into three main types: I, II and III, of which type II has relatively simple components and is most often used for editing the genome. This technology has been successfully applied to rabbits, pigs, goats, sheep and large cattle with the development of a variety of applications. In particular, editing the genome in farm animals can help improve productive genetic properties, improve various products of animal origin, ensure resistance to disease or minimize harmful effects on the environment. It is important that editing the genome in livestock can be used to increase the frequency of favorable alleles with QTN with great effect. Gene drives or repressions can be used to increase the rate at which the edited alleles spread among livestock populations. Successful promotion of useful alleles in animal breeding programs requires the discovery of loci of quantitative traits through a set of large data sets on the contribution of these loci to the formation of phenotypic traits.
About the Author
A. .. Yakovlev
Russian Research Institute of farm animal Genetics and breeding-branch of the L. K. ERNST Federal Science Center for animal husbandry
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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Yakovlev A... The genome editing of agricultural animals. Genetics and breeding of animals. 2018;(2):4-12. (In Russ.)
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