Peculiarities of breeding work in reindeer-breeding farms of the Arctic zone

The article presents the main features, tasks and content of the breeding work in the Northern reindeer herding of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Implementation and consolidation of economic and useful features in the genotype of animals serves as the basis for selection improvement of deer, increase their productivity, increase production and reduce its cost. Unfortunately, in commodity farms purposeful work on improvement of quality of a livestock of deer isn't carried out. On the contrary, some of the techniques of content, such as the use of pregnant female for transport operations, castration is the largest choirs for training as a transport animal, the conduct of the rut of young males led to the deterioration of the breed qualities of animals. To incomplete implementation of the genotype of the deer results and the lack of food in reindeer herding as a result of unsustainable use of pastures and rejection of them under the industrial development in the Arctic area. The task of breeding reindeer husbandry - production of pedigree cattle with better valuable economically useful traits, is able to convey the outstanding qualities of the offspring to increase animal productivity in commodity herds. The pedigree and gene pool farms, in addition to events of mass breeding, is of deer, appraisal, assignment of calves to mothers, estimation of animal origin and offspring, making families vazhenki high productivity. Importance is attached to receiving and cultivation of breeding young growth. For this purpose, the system of evaluation of males and females by the quality of offspring and evaluation of juveniles by origin should be introduced in breeding. Males should be further evaluated for the quality of seed products. Questions of zootechnical accounting and individual tagging of animals are actual in breeding reindeer breeding. There is a direct link between the effectiveness of breeding with feeding and maintenance (grazing). The genotype of the animal can fully be realized only in conditions of full feeding. The significance of this factor in the Northern reindeer breeding is determining the main phenotypic indicators of both individual animals and the population averages. Effective measures to revive the system of selection and breeding work will help to preserve the unique gene pool of native breeds of reindeer, adapted to the extreme conditions of the region, to improve the breed-productive qualities of animals.

reindeer breeding, breeds of deer, breeding work, breeding reproducers, herd structure, breeding evaluation of animals

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