Adaptation abilities to low temperatures of growing during early ontogenesis in russian white breeds of hens, homosyptable by sw + gene
https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2019-3-18-23
Abstract
Preserving the gene pool of poultry, including chickens, is currently one of the urgent tasks in the global poultry industry, since gene pool breeds are a reservoir of valuable genes and alleles. One of such breeds is the Russian White, bred in the Genetic Collection of Rare and Endangered Breeds of RRIFAGB, characterized by thermal resistance of young stock at low growing temperatures, as well as increased resistance to several diseases, such as Marek's disease, leukemia, chicken carcinoma. As a result of breeding for thermal resistance, genotypes with snow-white down of day-old chicks appeared. At present, a line of snow-white homozygous for the sw+ gene has been created. Analysis of its adaptive abilities in low temperature conditions (single cooling of incubated eggs on the 6th day to + 20°C for 6 hours) revealed intra-breed differences in the degree of reaction to this stress factor (exp. I). The response to stress was the change in the volume of the allantoic amniotic fluid of embryos. In the standard incubation mode, F0 embryos did not differ from each other in absolute and relative volume of the allantoic-amniotic fluid both from chickens with yellow color of down and from “snow-whites”. In response to the cooling, both groups increased the volume of extraembryonic fluid, but this increase was 2 times larger for “snow-whites”. In F4, the embryos of chickens “snow-white” as a result of cooling increased the volume of allantoic amniotic fluid by 6%, while in the second group of embryos the amount of fluid didn't change. The thermoresistance of neonatal Russian White chicks was evaluated in comparison with Amrox chicks (exp. II). It has been established that the chicks of “snow-white” more effectively maintain the body temperature under the conditions of hour exposure at a temperature of + 16°C (the body temperature range of chicks is 32.6 - 21.1°C) compared with amrox chickens (the body temperature range of chickens is 31.0 - 18.4°C ), remain active and don't become torpid. We suppose that chickens of the Russian white breed, homozygous for the sw+ gene as a result of selection for this trait over 4 generations, have more advanced mechanisms of thermoregulation, better adapted to the conditions of low temperatures in the embryonic and early postnatal period.
About the Authors
Е. Fedorova
Russian research institute of farm animal genetics and breeding — branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal science center for animal husbandry
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
PhD (Biol. Sci.), Senior research scientist of the Department of poultry genetics, breeding and gene pool preservation
St. Petersburg, Pushkin, Moskovskoe shosse, 55a, 196601
O. Stanishevskaya
Russian research institute of farm animal genetics and breeding — branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal science center for animal husbandry
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dr. Habil. (Biol. Sci.), Leading research scientist of the Department of poultry genetics, breeding and gene pool preservation
St. Petersburg, Pushkin, Moskovskoe shosse, 55a, 196601
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Review
For citations:
Fedorova Е., Stanishevskaya O. Adaptation abilities to low temperatures of growing during early ontogenesis in russian white breeds of hens, homosyptable by sw + gene. Genetics and breeding of animals. 2019;(3):18-23. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2019-3-18-23
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