NCREASING OF NUTRIENT VALUE OF EGGS AND CHICKEN MEAT AND ROLE OF GENE POOL POPULATIONS IN SOLVING OF THIS PROBLEM

This article is focused on increasing of nutrient value of eggs and chicken meat in comparison to the standard values of commercial egg and meat crosses and breeds, i.e. production for a specialized market segment (ecological products). There are described possible ways of solving of this task with use meat-egg or egg-meat type chicken breeds and lines, which have being preserved in the gene pool populations. In our Institute there were developed and patented new methods of evaluation of the traits, correlated with energy value and protein content in chicken meat on the stage of selection of hatching eggs for reproduction. For the evaluation of energy value of hatching eggs there was used the method of ultrasonic scanning for estimation of egg yolk mass without eggshell breaking. Yolk mass was calculated by measurement of yolk diameter (on long axis) related to egg mass. For calculation of energy values of laid eggs there was used the following formula: EV (КJ) = [16 Ym (Yolk mass) + 2 Ewm (Egg weight mass)] : (Egg mass - Eggshell mass), which was presented in the article of V. Khvostik and O. Katerinich, 2013. To increase the protein level in chicken meat there was used a method of hatching eggs evaluation, which enables to forecast with high significance the levels of protein in meat even before the chick’s birth. For this purpose there was used the parameter of Albumen Fractions’ Mobility (AFM), measured with use of the instrument PPF-1, invented by Professor P.P.Tsarenko. This instrument is used for express-evaluation of albumen’s quality by measurement of albumen fractions mobility without destroying of eggshell. In egg white of eggs with high AFM there is higher content of three amino acids: glycine, methionine and asparagine acid. For the first time there was experimentally confirmed, that most prospective for creation two-breed maternal autosexable chicken form (for preferable use by farmers and backyard producers) currently are gene pool breeds Brahma Pale, Sussex, and Amrox. Energy value of eggs of hybrid eggs ♂ Brahma × ♀ Sussex and ♂Sussex × ♀ Amrox was 92,8 - 89,8 Kcal, in 100 g of egg mass - 178,8 - 176,7 Kcal. For creation of 3-breed egg cross are used Cornish cocks. Protein content in breast meat of hybrids broilers - 23,46 - 23,77 % ; body weight of chicks at 9 weeks: 2443 г ♂♂ - 2165 g ♀♀ (♂ Cornish × ♀ (Brahma × Sussex)) and respectively 2270 - 1765 g (♂ Cornish × ♀ (Sussex × Amrox)).

2-породная материнская форма, 3-породный мясной кросс, gene pool, chicken breeds, breeding methods, autosexing, 2-breed maternal form, 3-breed meat cross, energy value of eggs, protein level in broiler meat

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