Holstein breed of the cattle in the Russian Federation, the current state and the prospects of development

The article presents review of current state of the main productive and operational performance, of a livestock of the cattle holstein of breed of cows of black and motley color in the Russian Federation and in Murmansk region. Growth of number of a livestock of cows at increase in their dairy efficiency is established. For the period from 2007 to 2017. the average yield of Holstein black-variegated breed increased by 2477 kg and in 2017 amounted to 8567 kg of milk, with fat content - 3.86%. In the Federal Districts, where the highest milk production was noted (North-West, Volga and Siberian), the yield of calves per 100 cows was 82.6; 81.1; 80.8 respectively. The highest rates of productive longevity of Holstein black-and-white cows are noted in the North-West, Far Eastern and Volga Federal Districts. The average retirement age there was 3.20; 3.18; 2.85 calving, respectively. In 36.2% of the controlled livestock of cows, the fat content of the milk is in the range from 3.91 to 4.23%, while in 21.8% of the cows, the fat content of milk exceeded 4%. As of 01.01.2018, in the Russian Federation, there were 594 sires of Holstein breed of black and variegated color. 375 bulls (63%) have mothers with a productivity of 12,000 kg and above. 31% of manufacturing bulls (186 heads) have a mothers productivity from 10,000 to 12,000 kg. For mothers, 111 bulls have a fat content of milk in the range of 4.26-4.5%, in 96 bulls, mothers have milk fat in the range of 4.51-5.0% and 29 bulls are obtained from mothers with a fat content of milk more than 5%. An increase in the number of pedigree enterprises in the Russian Federation, which have proven by the quality of the offspring of Holstein bulls of the black and variegated color of their own selection, has been identified. In 2007 there were 4 such breeding enterprises, and in 2017 their number increased to 10. The number of bulls of the domestic breeding checked by the quality of the offspring increased from 6 in 2007 to 18 heads in 2017.

Holstein breed, livestock, milk productivity, milk fat, productive longevity

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