The analysis of the signs marking the reproduction of dairy cattle mainly in connection with the development and implementation of genomic selection. Search causal mutations expand the obvious possibilities for increasing reproductive qualities. The inclusion of selection markers, particularly SNP associations with indicators of reproduction would be of great benefit to the livestock. Currently a significant effect on the improvement of reproduction have use in selection of haplotypes and genetic defects responsible for fetal death. Haplotype is a combination of alleles at different locations of the chromosomes that are passed as a linkage group. The negative effects of a number of haplotypes showed an increase in the number of inseminations before fertilization at 3,4 ± 1,5 for BH1, at 3,0 ± 0,8 - for HH2, and 3,2 ± 0,4 - for HH3 compared with the average. One important task is to find and test the causal mutations for BH1, HH2 and HH3, HH4, HH5 that will improve the diagnostic tests on the mononucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which can be added to commercial SNP-chips and used in breeding dairy cattle.

The problem of rational forage protein use along with protein metabolism in highly productive cows is quite relevant It is recommended to use a zootechnical, clinical and biochemical methods to monitor the full feeding of highly productive cows. The urea was studied in blood and milk in stages of lactation and dry period in order to aid in monitoring the usefulness of feeding cows with efficiency of more than 9500 kg of milk. There is conduct the biochemical analysis of blood which is characterize the state of metabolic processes in the body of high productive dairy cows by stage of lactation at feeding their of adaptive feed rations in the conditions of industrial milk production technology. In field environment specialists by checking urea nitrogen in blood and milk can make diet balanced and economically efficient and ecologically safe. On the basis of conducted research it is possible to make conclusion that auxiliary mean of control for feeding adequacy is to determine content of urea in milk and blood of highly productive cows. This would reduce protein consumption, nitrogen content in cow manure, demand for application of costly measures in equipment of manure removal and animal management. There is develop a system of adaptive feed rations for high yielding cows with a view to the implementation of established high genetic potential of milk production, the health of highly productive cows and good reproductive abilities. Optimization of feeding techniques of highly productive cows will reduce negative impact of chemically active nitrogen on environment during commercial production of milk. There is calculate the correlations between parameters of blood and milk.

Small stock refers to animals with a sexual season. In breeding season, males often experience increased sexual activity. In this situation, breeding experts may face a decline in the quality of sperm received from males. This problem remains relevant: a decrease in the quality of sperm directly affects the fertility of semen. Barren females, in turn, bring significant economic losses to farms. To improve the quality of sperm production, the attention of modern researchers is turned to use organic drugs. L-carnitine is an organic acid, which normalizes the balance of oxidative and antioxidant reactions. L-carnitine is a carrier of fatty acids from cytosol in the mitochondria, in which their β-oxidation occurs with the release of a large amount of energy. This article presents the results of a series of experiments aimed at correcting the qualitative indices of ram's sperm under conditions of increased sexual activity. Samples of ejaculate were studied on the basis of the Department of Obstetrics and Operative Surgery of the Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Science. Determined the density of sperm, activity and percentage of live spermatozoa by intravital staining, the intensity of respiration of spermatozoa and their concentration. After the course of injections of L-carnitine, the intensity of respiration of spermatozoa in the first ejaculate samples was increased by 38% and in the second samples by 46. The concentration of spermatozoa increased by 35% in comparison with the results of concentration obtained at increased sexual load without the use of a solution of the said organic acid.

The composition of fatty acids in the lipids of camel milk, depending on the season. Observed fluctuations containing certain fatty acids, depending on the season. During the year the content of saturated fatty acids varies greatly. Observed fluctuations in the concentration of butyric acid in a year, in spring and autumn, its content increased 0.2 % and 0.3 %, respectively. The same concentration of hexanoic acid (0.1%) contain winter, spring and summer collecting samples of milk. Spring content with caprylic acid (C8) is increased by 2 times than in winter and summer. Content of capric acid (C10) in winter and spring up 23.2% and 25.6 %, respectively, decreasing to 4.8% in the summer and autumn rising to 7.8 % (P ≤ 0,05). Summer milk samples rich in palmitic acid (C16) 29.0%. Autumn milk samples are characterized by high concentration of saturated fatty acids, due to the presence of myristic (16.6 %) and stearic acid (23.5 %) (p ≤ 0,05). Spring, summer and winter samples of camel milk fat contain "useful" a combination of fatty acids. From the fatty acid composition of milk fat camel milk can be explained by some dietary properties of camel milk has long known and used in traditional medicine, but do not have to date scientifically sound explanation.

The paper presents the results of genotyping of cows of black-and-white Holsteinized breed in the genes of prolactin (PRL) and beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and a comparative analysis of polymorphic variants of these genes with economically useful signs of cows is carried out. Comprehensive integrated assessment of the animal allows more accurate identify the contribution of the gene to the manifestation of a particular quantitative trait (milk production, growth, development, reproductive health indicators).Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the genotype of AA (0.826) was the most frequently found on the PRL gene. The frequency of alleles A and B was 0.906 and 0.094, respectively. Cows with heterozygous genotype AB significantly exceed cows with a homozygous genotype AA for milk for the first 100 days (p≤0.05) and 305 days of first lactation (p≤0.003), milk fat yield (p≤0.001), and milk protein yield ( 0.004), live weight when the age of the first insemination is reached (p≤0,03). There is no reliable association of different genotypes of the prolactin gene with the growth and development of cows from birth to 18 months, as well as with reproductive indicators (age of first insemination and service period).For the β-LG gene, the largest number of animals possessed the heterozygous genotype AB (incidence rate 0.601). The frequency of alleles A and B was 0.475 and 0.525, respectively. Cows with the AA genotype have significantly low milk yields for 100 days (AA to BB p≤0.01) and for 350 days of the first lactation (AA to AB p≤0.001), fat yield (AA to AB p≤0.006, AA to BB p≤0.002), the yield of milk protein (AA to AB p≤0.001, AA to BB p≤0.001), while exceeding the percentage of fat (AA to AB, AA to BB p≤0.008) and have a shorter period service period (AA to BB p≤0.01).The effect of the beta-lactoglobulin gene on the growth and development of animals has not been established.

The analysis of the relationship of gene polymorphism of Pit-1 with milk yield of cows (milk yield, fat percentage and protein yield of milk fat and protein) in 2 groups of black pied cattle in Leningrad region: ZAO "Sumino" (n=138) ZAO "Gatchinskiy" (n=114). Noted the high incidence of allele В: 0,667 0,815 and respectively. Among cows ZAO "Sumino" revealed the prevalence of a homozygous genotype BB (0,666) and in the group of cows, ZAO "Gatchinskiy" frequency of genotypes AB and BB made up and 0,447 0,439. The study is not established substantial connection of the gene Pit-1C signs of milk productivity of cows. However, in both analyzed groups, animals with the homozygous genotype AA had the best performance of yield, yield of milk fat and protein.

The world population of domesticated ostriches (ratites birds) has around four million head: more than three million heads - a black African ostrich; the rest of the Australian emu, rhea in the "culture" is almost there (in 130 countries). The high price of meat, eggs and skin made a new branch of the most profitable in the whole world agriculture - the profitability it can exceed 200%. In Russia, everything is more complicated due to lack of processing infrastructure products and lack of motivation in demand among the population.

Increasing the number of highly productive cattle livestock depends on many factors, the main of which are selected methods of artificial insemination and schemas of estrus induction in animals. Today, there are several methods of artificial insemination of cow, and the most effective and generally accepted is arectocervical method, but the question of stimulation and estrus synchronization and preparing animals for subsequent fertilization is still relevant. During the investigation the comparative evaluation of the efficiency of artificial insemination of high producing dairy cows depending on protocols of estrus stimulation was carried out. The animals were divided into three groups. Group I was the control, for animals from group II the standard «Double ovsynch» protocol was used, for group III the author’s protocol with additional injection of ASD-fraction combined with «Eleovit» at a dose of 2+5ml/head and «Sidemen» with amount of 8 ml/head was applied. Insemination was carried out upon detection of behavioral estrous signs.The efficiency of hormonal stimulation of the protocols was evaluated by indices of Heat Detection Rate (HDR), Conception Rate (CR), and Pregnancy Rate (PR). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on the 35-day after artificial insemination using Easy-Scan 8,0MHz. In the course of the study it was established that the application of the Protocol of estrus stimulation and preparing animals for the procedure of artificial insemination developed by authors allows to reach 76.5% of fertilization efficiency, what is considerably higher than using conventional stimulation protocols.