Provides an overview of fundamental and little-studied diseases of the Taimyr population of wild reindeer on the basis of the analysis of archival materials, published sources and own research. The authors of the submission, review the basic and poorly studied disease of the Taimyr population of wild reindeer on the basis of the analysis of archival material, references and own research. We consider the biotic and abiotic factors influencing the formation of natural foci of dangerous diseases and osoboopasnyh habitat populations. A review of diseases circulating at the moment, the possibility of a refund or importation from other regions of diseases of different etiologies: anthrax, foot and mouth disease, brucellosis, rabies, leukemia, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, helminth and protozoan diseases, and others. In conclusion, the authors concluded that due to the increase in the number of reindeer in certain populations, expansion of habitats, migration, intensification of industrial development, there is a risk of new or revitalization of old natural foci of disease in populations of wild reindeer. It emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach to oversight of epizootic populations of wild ungulates.

Artificial insemination, cell technologies and embryo transfer are widely used in the dairy and beef cattle, goat, sheep and horse breeding in many countries around the world. The reindeer assisted reproduction technologies are under development, which is associated with low domestication of deer and to the complexity of the work in taiga and tundra, as well as unwillingness of indigenous peoples to change the well-established way of life. But there are several problems that can be solved rationally by use of artificial insemination and embryo transfer in reindeer husbandry. This will allow the intensive use of the best animals, carry out individual selection, create a bank of sperm, ova and embryos for long-term conservation of genetic resources in the Arctic.

Here are the results of monitoring studies of the helminth fauna of the digestive tract of domestic reindeer from breeding farms of Western Taimyr in the period 2014-2016. Monitoring studies include laboratory work with biological material from 428 reindeer, collected during the spring and autumn with conventional techniques, including gelmintoovoskopy, gelmintolarvoskopy and gelmintoskopy. The authors found that the Western Taimyr population of domestic reindeer is characterized by the presence of 13 species of helminthes, belonging to 3 classes, 9 genera and 5 families. The publication reviewed the results of studies on cestodosis, nematodes and trematodes. Studies have determined a high infestation by ostertagiosis and monieziasis as in the associated invasions and monoinvasion. Most common are associations Ostertagia spp., Nematodirus sp., Moniezia spp. in several variations. For example, the dynamics of livestock contamination in the 2014-2016 by ostertagiasis confirmed the effect of climatic characteristics of the region on the degree of animals infestation. Analysis of the data indicates the effect of reindeer on the total epizootic situation in the region as a "reservoir" of helminth diseases and the importance of continuous monitoring of helminth infections of domestic reindeer.

Seasonal migratory movements (branches) of certain groups of Taimyr tundra reindeer were examined on 6 local stationary parts of the area Taimyr population of wild reindeer (South West Taimyr, on the border of West and Central Taimyr) in 2001-2010 to identify the phenotypic variability of species. In the eastern part of the peninsula collection of material in this direction was carried out by questionnaires and digital certificates volunteers (District River valley Khatanga, lower reaches of the river Kotui). Over 10 years of research at the Taimyr tundra reindeer in the West Taimyr three mass phenotype (tareysky and two connecting the Yenisei), one small numerical (purinsky) and one very rare were identified (found only among females by a single observation on average in r. Pyasina). In the south eastern Taimyr one phenotype identified from digital images (East Taimyr, lower reaches of the river. Kotui), phenotypically not similar to all western Taimyr options. It is also in the process of studies have confirmed that animals with a tareysky phenotype seasonally migrate first to the Central Taimyr (area r. Dudypta), then they followed in the river valley Khatanga. Herds of deer Yenisei phenotypes migrate to Putorana; deer with the East Taimyr phenotype leave for wintering grounds in the northern part of the boreal Evenkia.

Increasing the meat productivity of reindeer - the most important task of livestock in North regions. The review presents some candidate genes that may be used as molecular genetic markers for productive qualities of reindeer. Panel of these marker genes will help make better use of genetic potential of animals, significantly reduce the time spent on the selection process and in the shortest possible time to increase the meat performance in reindeer herding. In addition, the polymorphism identified in genes that affect the formation of the productive qualities of animals, can become the basis for the development of genomic selection in reindeer breeding.

Presented materials, proving the possibility of the content of domestic reindeer grazing on feed key plot area of 343 832 hectares in the area between the rivers Bolshaya Kheta and Yenisei (left bank of the river Yenisei). Results: typology, geo-referencing and a brief description of the vegetation cover of reindeer pastures, especially the distribution, the percentage of the landscape, oleneemkost, productivity and seasonal opportunities. Depending on the dominance of the vegetation of various life forms (trees, bushes, shrubs, herbs, lichens) marked 5 types of reindeer pastures: tundra (34% of the land area), wetlands (17%), shrubs (15%), woodlands (9.3%) and meadows (2.7%). The dominant type of tundra reindeer pastures, it is characterized by 11 species of grassland, marsh type includes 3 types, shrub - 10 species: 5 of them willowy, Rivals 2, 3 alder. Type of woodland pastures are 9 species of larch woodlands and 1 species of dwarf birch light forest, meadow type pastures - 3 types of pastures. Tundra community study area occupy upland habitat, wetland complexes - floodplain terraces, larch woodlands and sparse forests of Larix sibirica occupy the tops of ridges, hills and coastal slopes and floodplains. Willows occur along rivers, streams, around lakes, Mezhozernaya bridges, as well as in mezhholmnyh or inter-ridge depressions. Alder confined to the open upper and middle parts of the slopes of hills and ridges. Communities meadow type confined to the alluvial floodplain, river banks. In summer, the maximum oleneemkostyu have willow (about 7-12-days / ha), minimum - all kinds of larch woodlands (about 2-4-days / ha), dwarf birch (about 2-3-days / ha) and alder (1 a-days / ha). In winter, due to the high feed rates of lichen, almost all communities (except moss larch woodlands and willow) are highly oleneemkost. The highest oleneemkostyu different bog communities (about 22-27-days / ha) and the dwarf tundra (21-26 o-days / ha), the rest within - about 6-18-days / ha. Share summer pastures - 30.7%. The share of pasture winter seasons - 31.3%, of which 9.3% is larch woodland. It is advisable to make full use of this key site during the spring-summer-autumn minimizing exposure in the summer in order to preserve lichen cover by trampling, especially during the dry period.

Proven and current data on reindeer husbandry and breeding technologies in the taiga and tundra were summarized. The analysis of the effectiveness of technological methods during rutting was held. Organization of harem deer mating, assessment of males for semen quality, the use of krezatsin during the rut, the estrus cycle synchronization, improving calving technology and animal management reduced barrenness of cows and heifers by 7 - 10%, and increase pregnancy rate by 12-15%.

By hybridization with a probe GTG5 comparison of several wild and domestic reindeer population (Rangifer tarandus) of different regions of Russia. During the tests the marker-specific sections of DNA were found specific to individual populations. Based on the pattern of distribution of the bands calculated similarities and differences between populations, and determined the degree of homogeneity of each population separately.

Embryos from healthy cows with an average milk production have best quality and viability. From high-yield, distressed cows-donors best results of cryopreservation of embryos can only be obtained the traditional technology of freezing. The quality and efficiency of cryopreservation of embryos from cows with an average productivity does not depend on the technological method of cryopreservation. In addition to visual techniques of quality assessment, there is a method of determining the viability of embryos by the method of cultivation. This cultivation method is used for melted embryos of cattle. The results of our research revealed the need to confirm the viability of the melted embryo method of cultivation, 1/3 cut costs due to the possibility of transplantation of non-viable embryos.

The article reveals the current state of the livestock industry in the Republic of Dagestan. Analyzed the population dynamics of livestock and production volumes. Marked reduction of quality indicators development of the industry. Defines the main activities aimed at the restoration of breeding work in the region, as an important factor of increase of efficiency of functioning of the industry.

In recent years, practiced new energy-saving technological methods of growing calves, the most satisfying physiological needs and hygienic reasonable temperature for calves from 4 - to 180-day age in the winter. The method of cultivation is that of newborn calves until 15 days of age kept in heated rooms in individual cages, with 15 - to 120-day - calf groups of 20 animals and 4-month age groups 40-50 goals on technology of free - range content. Calves with this technology of keeping and feeding rarely get sick, weight gain per day in the first 2 months of cultivation is 750-850 g.

The aim of this work was to study the influence on the maturity and fecundity of sheep of the Pechora local population (PP) of their crossing with Romney marsh (RM). The high phenotypic variability of age at first calving have installed mongrel hybrids 50P/50RM and 25P/75RM. Maximum fertility characterized Pechora ewes (P/P) and 50C/50RM. The average fecundity was of the uterus 50P/50RM. Purebred Romney marsh had the lowest rates of fertility. The frequency of multiple lambing we significant differences established between the Mature ewes P/P and 50C/50RM with other genotypes. The study showed that when the content in nutritionally insufficient diets purebred ewes RM/RM greatly lost in fertility to the hybrids of the first generation. The use of the breed, Romney marsh domestic breeding for crossing with local sheep Pechora populations in adverse environmental conditions have led in the second generation at the Romney marsh to a significant reduction in fertility compared to a half-breed and mixed-breed ewes, are related by type to the Pechora breed group, as compared with genotype 50C/50РМ, in addition to a significant increase of age at first calving. Thus, with increasing breed by Romney Marsh precocity and fertility of ewes decreased.