A method has been developed for determining and using bulls breeding value indices by the number of somatic cells in daughters’ milk during selection for mastitis resistance. The development is based on the investigation of somatic cells number (NSC) in 24800 milk samples of Ayrshire cows of the «Megrega» breeding plant, Republic of Karelia. The average lactational milk yield of cows in the herd was about 8300 kg of milk. For one bull an average 676 assessments of NSC in milk of daughters were made. The calculations used the logarithmic (scoring estimation) NSC. The transformation of absolute NSC (ANSC) in thousand / cm³ into a scoring estimation (SE NSC) was carried out on the basis of the binary logarithm. Breeding Value Index (BVI) of bulls was calculated by comparing SE NSC of daughters and populations. At the same time, the number of cows-peers and the size of the population were taken into account; the heritability coefficients and the repeatability (regression) coefficients of the indicators for the future daughters of this bull on indicators of existing daughters were determined for specific conditions. Examined bulls were different in BVI. Since selection by health indicators, including mastitis, should be carried out to reduce the value of the indicator, then in this situation the best are the bulls with the minimum values of SE NSC and negative values of the breeding index. The three best sires had a BVI of less than minus one, the three worst ones had more than plus two. The scale has been developed for the distribution of estimated bulls by BVI on breeding categories - effective improvers of the 1st category (BVI is less than the population average by 1σ or more), improvers of the 2nd category (from - 0.4 σ to - 0.9 σ), neutral (+ 0.3 σ), deteriorators (from + 0.4 σ to + 0.9 σ), extreme deteriorators (+1 σ and more). Sires with a high BVI (- 1.012 or less) are selected for breeding use, rejected with a low BVI (+ 1.102 or more). In the studied bulls’ population, the share of 1-st category improvers was 11.1%, 2-nd category - 27.8%, neutral - 22.2%, and extreme deteriorators - 16.7%. Using the method can improve the objectivity and accuracy of selecting bulls for resistance, increase in the concentration of mastitis resistance genes in herds, and decrease the frequency of udder diseases.

He significance of blood count of related breeds of the Ayrshire group of dairy cattle investigated. Information processed on the pedigrees of 181 bulls whose sperm found in 10 breeding enterprises of the RF. The average blood pressure of bulls in the Finnish Ayrshire breed was 54.2%, Swedish red - 9.9%, Norwegian red - 8.8%, Canadian - 25.7% and others - 1.4%. Bulls distributed according to the presence in their pedigrees of blood residues of related breeds of the Ayrshire group in the age aspect depending on the place of their birth and breeding enterprises, and the level of breeding value by milk of their daughters and pedigree. Most of the bulls were born in Russia and Finland (45.9 and 46.4% respectively) in their pedigrees the Finnish Ayrshire breed predominates. The ranking of bulls by official breeding value (BV) and by pedigree (BV_PED) revealed that in the best bulls according to these indicators (+100 kg and more) bloodline prevails in pedigrees by Finnish Ayrshire breed compared to the worst group (less than -100 kg). This regularity noted in pedigrees in 57.2 and 77.6% of bulls, depending on the assessment options. The BV of bulls and predicted positively and reliably correlates with the presence of Finnish blood in the pedigree (+ 0.233 * and + 0.308 **) and significantly negatively with Canadian (-0.252 * and -0.467 **). The findings are consistent with previous 2013 studies on the best rated Viking Genetics bulls.

The development of effective methods for obtaining parthenogenetic embryos is currently being considered in a new perspective as a promising technology for creating homozygous lines of embryonic stem cells, genetically identical animals. Parthenogenetic embryos of animals of different species are used as a model for studying imprinting mechanisms. In the present study, Bos Taurus parthenogenetic embryos were obtained by cold shock induction (exposure for 20 minutes at a temperature of -0 - (-4^o) C) of after oocytes culture in TC-119 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, 50 ng / ml prolactin, 50 μg / ml of gentamicin together with 1 × 10⁶ granulosa cells per ml of medium for 24 hours. Previously, the initial population of donor oocytes from the ovaries was evaluated with BCB test to assess functional status. For this, the oocyte-cumulus complexes were placed in a solution of 13 Mm brilliant crystalline blue - BCB (B-5388, Sigma) for 60 minutes at a temperature of 38.5⁰ C in an atmosphere of 90% humidity. After the expiration of the BCB exposure time, the oocytes were ranked as follows: oocytes with a blue cytoplasm - BCB + oocytes (oocytes that completed their growth phase) and oocytes with unpainted ooplasm - BCB- oocytes (growing oocytes). It was found that the functional status (growing oocytes or oocytes that have finished growth phase) of oocytes and their origin (the diameter of the follicles from which the gametes were isolated) determine their competence for induced parthenogenesis. Oocytes that completed the growth phase have high potentials to cold shock-induced parthenogenesis, which is expressed in a significant increase in the proportion of embryos developed from them at all stages of preimplantation development (percentage of cleavage: 87% vs 11%, P <0.001; level of late morula, blastocysts: 32 % vs 6%, P <0.001). Monitoring of competency indicators to parthenogenesis of Bos Taurus oocytes isolated from follicles of different diameters (<3 mm, 3 mm -5 mm,> 5 mm-8 mm) revealed low competence to cold shock-induced parthenogenesis of oocytes isolated from follicles less than 3 mm in diameter ( the percentage of cleavage: 20% vs 67% and 87%, P <0.001, respectively; level of late morula, blastocysts: 9% vs 22% and 37%, P <0.001, respectively).

Recently, the issues of a comprehensive study of the reproductive system of marine mammals, in particular the analysis of hormonal changes in the organism of cetaceans in the process of their growth and development has become urgent. In the present work, the content of serum testosterone in blood samples of male beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas was determined. The studies were carried out on belugas kept in semi-free conditions of an open-air marine enclosure complex in the Barents Sea. Venous blood samples were obtained from animals aged 5 to 10 years, while individuals under 7 years old were considered immature. A total of 5 belugas were examined, 43 samples were obtained. Blood sampling was carried out from the ventral or dorsal vein of the caudal fin using a vacuum blood sampling system in plastic vacuum tubes. The volume of the samples ranged from 3 to 12 ml of native blood. Blood serum for research was obtained by centrifuging the samples at 2000 rpm for 10-15 minutes. About 2.5-3 ml of serum was obtained from 8 ml of native blood. It was frozen, stored and transported to the laboratory at a temperature of -20 ° С. The testosterone content in the samples was determined by the method of heterogeneous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A comparative assessment of the concentration of this steroid hormone in young and mature animals showed a positive linear correlation between the level of testosterone secretion and the age of the animal. Studies have shown that the sexual maturity of male beluga whales occurs by the age of 8-10, when serum testosterone levels of 15 nmol / L or higher are reached.

The search for a diluent that provides physiologically optimal physical and chemical parameters for spermatozoa (pH, osmolarity) and a cryoprotector that can form a vitreous structure without persistent chemical compounds with cell components allows us to achieve significant progress in long-term storage of cells under low-temperature freezing. The questions of cryopreservation of sperm of honeybee drones are considered. The material for research was the sperm of drones of the "Prioksky" breed type of the Central Russian breed of bees, the gray mountain Caucasian and the breed of Karnik bees. The following diluents were tested for cryostability of drone sperm: semisynthetic medium C46 (medium Kakpakov V. T.), nutrient media for insect cell cultures-Lonza Insect-XPRESS, Graces, Schneider's, JPL-41. As cryoprotectors tested - dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) control, natural honey, honey in combination with glycerine, DMSO, ethanol, methanol. Studies have shown low viability (membrane integrity) (Lim 36,5±1,8% - 39,9±0,3%) and mobility of frozen-thawed sperm (Lim 2,0 - 4,0 points), diluted in synthetic media. Probably the ionic composition of the tested nutrient media with a concentration of hydrogen ions (pH) from 4.6-6.5 differs significantly from the ionic composition of the protoplasm of sperm drones. Semisynthetic medium C46 with the addition of egg yolk and without DMSO does not have cryophylactic properties to protect the life resource of drone sperm. Bee honey, on the contrary, in the course of research proved itself as a cryoprotector, ensuring the preservation of membranes at the level of 37.2±0.5% with a sperm motility of 3.0 points. The highest sperm viability and motility of 4.0 points were observed in a sample with glycerol at a concentration of 3% - 78.0±1.4% and with DMSO at a concentration of 10% - 79.6±1.2%. At the same time, the sperm before freezing was in a state of mesabiosis for 3 months at 3 °C. Thus, the preliminary results of the study for the first time demonstrate the prospects of a non-electrolyte environment for the preservation of the life resource of drone sperm during cryopreservation.

Comparative bioinformation analysis of nucleotide composition of subunit 1 cytochrome oxydase gene (Co-1) mtDNA subunit of north-okhotomore population with representatives of other halibut genera was carried out. Statistical analysis of nucleotide sequences of a fragment of the gene cytochrome oxidase mtDNA of pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis: haplotype diversity 0.852 ± 0.0059, nucleotide 0.00430 ± 0.009465. About 1% of the total value of nucleotide diversity in individuals from eastern and western regions is determined. Analysis of nucleotide sequences of the same gene in pacific greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides matsuurae: haplotype diversity was 0.806 ± 0.0399, nucleotide diversity - 0.00185 ± 0.000149. About 6% of the relative value of nucleotide diversity is determined by interpopulation differences. The minimum value of haplotype diversity was determined in the northern halibut flounder Hippoglossus robustus, while in the second species of this genus Hipploglossus platessoides, the haplotype diversity is similar to the representatives of two genera Cleisthenes and Hippoglossus. The maximum value of haplotypic diversity was found in the Cleisthenes herzensteini, representatives of the Atherestes and Reinchardtius genera have intermediate values. The species Atherestes stomias is sharply separated from species of other genera, which is associated with a high degree of genetic differences between representatives of this genus and those from other genera.

For development of programs for preservation and the description of genetic resources in livestock production use proteins of blood and DNA markers including microsatellites. The domestic reindeers of the Even breed divorced in the Bulunsky district of Yakutia served as object of studying. The polymorphism of serumal protein of a transferrin at domestic reindeers of the Even breed is investigated. It is established that at deer of the Even breed on a locus of a transferrin not the high level of polymorphism is noted, on this locus 16 genotypes were revealed. With high frequency the following genotypes meet: TfC1D1 (22%), TfBD2 (18%), TfC1D1 (16%). At the same time individuals with type аллеля Tfdpo to occurrence frequency authentically surpass animals with other types аллеля (Р <0.001). The method of the DNA analysis determined genotypes of 36 domestic reindeers of the Even breed by 16 microsatellite loci of DNA: (Rt1, Rt6, Rt7, Rt9, Rt24, Rt30, BMS745, BMS1788, NVHRT16, OheQ, C32, C143, C217, C276, FCB193, T40). From 2 to 12 allelic options on a locus are revealed. From 16 studied microsatellite loci at 12 - DNA possess high degree of heterozygosity - from 0.722 to 0.889. The lowest degree of heterozygosity is revealed at loci of C143 and C217 - (on 0.333) and T40 - (0.472). The average of alleles on a locus made 7.75±0.86. High rates (Ai, But, Not, I) loci of Rt1, Rt6, Rt7, Rt9, Rt24, Rt30, BMS745, BMS1788, NVHRT16, OheQ, C32, C276, FCB193 and Tfpozvolyayut to consider these polymorphic loci the genetic markers suitable for assessment of a genetic variety of domestic reindeers.

It is known that lipids are the building material of cell membranes, play an important role in the vital functions of cells, and this is a peculiar form of deposition of metabolic fuel reserves. In the last decade, thanks to numerous studies, it has been established that lipids are an integral part of the general metabolism and are actively involved in the processes of adaptation and regulation of many functions in the body. Disorders of lipid metabolism are the trigger in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. The basis of many metabolic processes in the body is redox reactions. Uncompensated formation of reactive oxygen species or oxidative stress leads to a violation of the physiological activity of cell membranes, which leads to a violation of the integrity of the cell and triggers a cascade of degenerative processes, resulting in exponentially accelerated aging. The state of lipid peroxidation is estimated by the content of intermediate products - diene conjugates (DCs), since they reflect the early stages of oxidation. The aim of our study was to study the relationship between the distribution of concentration of diene conjugates in the blood serum and tissues of white outbred rats. To achieve this goal, the following tasks had to be solved: to determine the concentration of diene conjugates in the blood serum and tissues of the liver, brain, heart, as well as in the skeletal muscle tissues of rats; to reveal the relationship between the distribution of DC concentration in blood serum and rat tissues. The article presents the results of a nonparametric correlation analysis to assess the relationship between the distribution of concentration of diene conjugates in blood serum and tissues of outbred rats.

A multifunctional feed additive has been developed in the form of an additional nutrition complex, which contains a probiotic of cellulose-amyl-proteolytic action, shungite mineral, which has adsorbing and antioxidant properties, a “protected” choline of lipotropic-hepatoprotective action, and flaxseed cake in known proportions. The studies were carried out under the conditions of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Klenovo-Chegodaevo” on two groups of calves of early postnatal ontogenesis of black-motley holsteinized breed (n = 8). Animals of the experimental group from a month of age received CAF of 40 g / 100 g of live weight. To study metabolic processes in the body (n = 8), at the end of a three-month experiment, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein and biochemical and hematological parameters were determined. The positive effect of the additive on the course of nitrogen metabolism was revealed, with an increase in the concentration of total protein in the blood serum by 5,3% (P<0,05), as well as albumin by 7,3% (P<0,05), with an increase in A / G coefficient, against the background of a decrease in urea concentration by 7,0% (P <0,001). The use of CAF contributed to an increase in the energy supply of the animal organism, as evidenced by an increase in creatinine by 8,2% (P<0,05), glucose concentration by 19.8% (P <0.05), and a higher level of alkaline phosphatase (by 20,5%) (P<0,05). Evidence of an improvement in carbohydrate-fat metabolism is an increase in phospholipids by 45,2% (P<0,001), HDL by 14,0% (P<0,01), with a decrease in bilirubin levels by 23,8%. A higher level of metabolic processes in the body with an improvement in the functional activity of the liver may be indicated by an increase in the activity of creatine kinase by 28,8% (P<0,01), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by 10,0% (P<0,05), and cholinesterase by 15,1%, gammaglutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) by 3,9%. The use of CDPs contributed to an increase in hemoglobin in the blood by 9.8% (P<0,05), red blood cells by 7,0%, hematocrit by 10.0%, with a decrease in the level of leukocytes by 13,1%. The absolute increase in live weight of calves over 90 days of experiment was 66,88 ± 2,66 kg in the control group, 77,87 ± 3,04 kg in the experimental group, and average daily gain in live weight was 743,11 ± 29,56, and 865, respectively , 22 ± 33,78 grams (P<0,05), with a difference of 16,4%, with a more pronounced effect of the CAF during the period of a complete transition to nutrition with vegetable feed.

Modern industrial pig farming is associated with the creation of highly productive breeds and crossbreeds, and is characterized by the location of a large number of animals in a limited area, closed year-round maintenance and other stress factors. There is a need to prevent and reduce the impact of stress factors on the body of pigs. A deeper study of the action mechanisms of antioxidants and adrenoblockers on the physiological and biochemical status when using these drugs as stimulators of reproductive function is necessary. At present, according to the literature, hormonal, vitamin, mineral and antioxidant supplements are successfully used as reproductive function stimulators. To carry out the research on determination of the therapeutic effectiveness of the use of pyrroxan and bio-50 drugs in reproductive function stimulating and biochemical disorders normalizing in animals blood, 10 groups of 5 heads each were formed: the control group was fed on the main diet without additional drugs. The study of the effect of the antioxidant bio-50 in powder form in the dose of 10 mg / 100 kg (1 mg per 10 kg) body weight was performed in 3 groups: the 1st group according to the scheme: the 2nd, the 4th, the 6th, the 8th day, after farrowing; group 2 according to the scheme: the 16th,18th, 20th, 22nd day, after farrowing; group 3 according to the scheme: 21, 23rd, 25th, 27th day, after farrowing. The study of the effect of the α-adrenoblocker pyrroxan in the tablets form at a dose of 15 mg per 100 kg (1.5 mg per 10 kg) of body weight was carried out in 3 groups, with a different scheme of giving the drug. The 1st group according to the scheme: the 2nd, the 4th, the 6th, the 8th day, after farrowing; the 2nd group according to the scheme: the 16th, the 18th, the 20th, the 22nd day, after farrowing; the 3rd group according to the scheme: the 21st, the 23rd, the 25th, the 27th day, after farrowing. The study combines the effect of the antioxidant bio-50 in powder form in the dose of 10 mg / 100 kg (1 mg per 10 kg) body weight and α-adrenoreceptor pirroksan in pill form in the dose of 15 mg / 100 kg (1.5 mg per 10 kg) body mass are also conducted taking into account the same pattern of giving drugs. The article presents the results of the study of the effect of the antioxidant bio 50 and the α-adrenoblocker pyrroxan on the physiological and biochemical status against the background of the reproductive function formation in sows after farrowing. It is shown that the best variant of the drugs used is the combined use of the antioxidant bio 50 and the α-adrenoblocker pyrroxan according to the scheme for the 21st, the 23rd, the 25th, the 27th days.

The article studies the features of transport of biogenic cations in the small intestine of rats under glucocorticoid-induced oxidative stress. The processes of ion transport through the gastrointestinal wall were investigated by in vivo perfusion of the small intestine. In perfusion samples, the content of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu ions was determined by the method of atomic emission analysis with inductively coupled plasma. The state of the level of redox processes in the small intestine of rats was evaluated by the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as the content of malondialdehyde and diene conjugates in tissue homogenates. It has been established that under glucocorticoid-induced oxidative stress in the small intestine, the transport of biogenic macro- and micronutrients is violated - a decrease in the absorption of macronutrients and the secretion of micronutrients. The use of the antioxidant "α-tocopherol" and the new-generation phenolic sulfur-containing antioxidant "Thiofan" in the experiment indicates the important role of free radical lipid peroxidation in the disruption of the transport of macro- and microelements in the small intestine. “Thiofan”, possessing a unique structure that provides intramolecular synergism, protects the membrane structures of cells and helps to correct the transport of bioelements in the small intestine.