Purpose: To perform a comparative morphological analysis of the intermuscular nerve plexus of the book of the Edilbaev breed sheep in postnatal ontogenesis.

Materials and methods. For the experiment, the control and experimental groups were selected in the amount of 35 heads, 5 animals were killed immediately after birth. The rest were divided into control and experimental groups of 5 lambs each. Control groups of lambs were fed naturally on ewes. Experimental groups of lambs, according to the instructions, were on artificial feeding with a sheep milk substitute (ZOM) "Kolvo-Start". The object of histological examination was the ganglia of the book of Edilbaev breed lambs of 4 technological periods: newborns, 15-day-old, 2.5-month-old, 4.5-month-old. We used classical neuromorphological, morphometric and histological methods, as well as processing statistical data.

Results. Comparative analysis showed that in the group of medium-sized cells in the ganglia of lambs of 2.5 months of age, there is an intensive growth of the cytoplasm in relation to the nucleus, both in the control and in the experiment. The morphological indicators of the adaptive-compensatory restructuring of the nervous tissue were revealed.

Conclusion. The obtained morphometric data from birth to 4.5 months of age testify to the advanced growth of ganglia in the experiment both in length and width, an increase in the linear dimensions of the ganglia of the book occurs. This is due to the pronounced adaptation and formation of the organ in connection with the nature of feeding.

Purpose: estimation of the possibility of using a mixture of feed additive "BioGrom SC" and the food antibiotic "Monenzin" for normalizing metabolic processes in highly productive cows in the transit period.

Materials and methods. Studies were conducted because of the tribal plant of the Leningrad region. Two groups of animals were selected on the principle of analogs (experimental and control) 20 goals in each. The experimental group of cows 21 days before the calving and for 14 days after the calves were given a mixture of feed additive "BioGrom SC" and the food antibiotic "Monenzin". For the cottage additives, calcium carbonate (chalk) was used as a filler in the amount of 250 g with the addition of 10-15 g. Supplements "BioGrom SC" by 1 head. The mixture was prepared at the rate of 20 goals and a food antibiotic "Monenzin" was added to it at the rate of 100 mg per 1 kg of a mixture of feed additive with filler. The resulting mixture was fed by animals of the experimental group. All animal experimental and control groups take blood for 21 days before the hotel. The total protein, beta hydroxy acid, acetoacetic acid, alkaline blood reserve, calcium-phosphoric ratio, glucose is determined. At the end of the transit period on the 21st day of lactation, the blood of animal control and experimental groups was repeatedly investigated.

Results. In the cows of the experimental group, in comparison with the cows of the control group at the end of the transit period, a decrease in such biochemical indicators was observed as beta hydroxy acid (a decrease to 0.84 ± 0.03 mmol / l), acetoacetic acid (decrease to 0.4 ± 0, 04 mmol / l). The animals of the experimental group decreased the content of the general protein (77.0 ± 0.08 g / l). Also, the data of the backup alkalinity of blood (acidose indicator) are within reference values. Calcium phosphorus ratio was also within the normal range.

Conclusion. Introduction to the diet of a mixture of feed additive "BioGrom SC" and food antibiotic "Monenzin" normalize some biochemical blood indicators in cows in the transit period. At the same time, without correction of metabolic processes, cows are observed ketosis and acidosis, which can lead to premature disposal of animals from herd and as a result of economic losses. Thus, the use of the mixture is shown for the prevention and treatment of acidosis of the scar, metabolic acidosis, ketosis in cattle of the dairy direction of productivity.

Purpose: Determination of changes in metabolic status in new-fluxed cows and twisters when metric and the role of oxidant stress in the pathogenesis of inflammation of the uterus.

Materials and methods. The two groups of animals 15 goals were investigated in each. The clinical diagnosis of an acute metric in cows and first elevators in the early postpartum period was carried out in cancer of obstetric and gynecological examinations. Blood fences for hematological studies took from cows before morning feeding. General ketone bodies (OCT), beta-hydroxyma acid (BH), acetone with acetoxus acid (ACAC), progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, cortisol; Ketodines and conjugate trimes (cdist), diene conjugates (DK), isolated double bonds and ketodines, malonic dialdehyde (HMDa), glutathione restored and oxidized, soda, catalase, vitamins C and E.

Results. With acute metric, in cows and twisters, there is a fatty dystrophy of centrolobular localization in the liver, in which the indicators of EN / ASAS, Oct and VV amounted to 1.9 ± 0.43 mmol / l, 2.49 ± 0.12 and 1.82 ± 0.05 mmol / l, respectively. Large values of the indicators of EN / ASAS, Oct and VN are installed and in the absence of visible fatty dystrophy: 3.8 ± 0.6 mmol / l, 3.22 ± 0.11 and 2.53 ± 0.23 mmol / l, respectively. The asas in the blood of these cows was higher - 0.97 ± 0.07 mmol / l. In cows and primaries patients with metric, MDA content increased by 1.32 times in comparison with indicators in healthy animals of a similar physiological period (p <0.05). At the same time, the catalase is increased (p <0.01) from 24.4 ± 0.23 mm H202 / lchmin to 34.1 ± 0.26 mm H202 / Lchmin. At the same time, the content of vitamin C and E in comparison with the control decreased. So insulated double bonds in patients with cows and first metrics have reliable differences (p <0.05) in the indicators of clinically healthy animals 1,244 ± 0.41 against 1.686 ± 0.42 SL. Units, and conjugate trimes and ketodines with 0.116 ± 0.05 to 0.186 ± 0.07 SL. units. Reducing the superoxiddismutase index is less than a level of 1.55 SL. Ur, also indicates the presence of oxidant stress.

Conclusion. According to the data presented, one of the main etiological factors in the pathogenesis of metric in cows and primaries in the early period of Pueerperia is oxidant stress arising from animals against the background of a negative energy balance. Therefore, traditionally used in the algorithm for the diagnosis of animals, patients with metric in the initial postpartum period, biochemical blood biochemical indicators have a lower degree specificity and sensitivity than the parameters of the system "peroxidation of lipids - antioxidant protection".

Purpose: to study the effect of the level of homozygosity and inbreeding on the fecundity of thoroughbred mares.

Materials and methods. A total of 3662 heads of breeding sows from leading stud farms of the Russian Federation were selected for the analysis. The influence of the homozygosity level on 17 microsatellite DNA loci on the main indices of reproduction of thoroughbred mares, such as the safe yield of foals and the number of fetal years, was analyzed in the article. All mares in the experimental sample had at least three years of breeding use. Individual fecundity rates and the number of homozygous loci in the STR profile were calculated for each horse.

Results. The highest live foal yields (75.92%) had sows with homozygosity levels of 62.78-69.02%, and the lowest foal yields (45.73%) were recorded in mares with the highest homozygosity levels (75.28-76.92%). The maximum foal yield (65.85%) was determined in sows with an inbreeding rate of 4.1% or more, with a productive longevity of 6.26 fetal years on average. Analysis of the data showed that the level of inbreeding had almost no effect on the yield of live foals (R=0.010 at P>0.05), but had a negative correlation with the number of fruiting years (R=-0.092 at P<0.005).

Conclusion. Estimation of homozygosity level of thoroughbred horses is especially relevant, as this breed has been perfected by purebred breeding method only for more than thirty years. In the thoroughbred horse breed, it is necessary to create a system of maintaining heterozygosity as well as the diversity of genotypes through the organization of breeding work.

Purpose: evaluation of pigs Yorkshire rocks and Landraz on PRKAG3, MC4R and MyOD1 markers.

Materials and methods. The paper presents the analysis of the results of genetic testing, and determines the frequency of alleles and genotypes of Yorkshire and Landrace breeds at the State Enterprise ZhodinoAgroPlemElita" of the Minsk region of the Republic of Belarus by the genes-markers of productive traits: PRKAG3, MC4R and MYOD1. Zootechnical and molecular genetic methods were used in the research (PCR/PDRF). Snapshot analysis was developed for the genotyping of pigs to detect polymorphic markers of meat-feeding productivity of pigs on the Genas PRKAG3, MyOD1, MC4R. At the first stage, there was an assessment of tribal young (173 heads) on its own productivity in terms of indicators: the age of achieving the living mass of 100 kg, the average daily increase (d) from birth to the live weight of 100 kg, the length of the body (cm), the lifetime meat quality of the thickness of the scrape (mm), height of the longest back muscles (mm), the content of meat in the body (%). At the second stage of the research, the controlling fastenings of 200 goals of pigs and evaluation of feedst and meat qualities in the following indicators were carried out: the age of achieving a living mass of 100 kg (days), the average daily increase (d), feed consumption per 1 kg of growth (to. Units). Also determined: the length of the carcass (cm), the slaughter output (%), the thickness of the spick over 6-7 breast vertebrae (mm), the area of "muscular eye" (cm2), the mass of the rear third of the half carcass (kg), the flow of meat in the carcus (%). Then, genetic studies were compared with productivity indicators.

Results. As a result of the research, it was found that in the tested animals, the frequency of the preferred allele I-PRKAG3 made 0.171-0.288, A-MC4R – 0.243-0.315, and C-MYOD1 – 0.064-0.477, respectively. The developed comprehensive system for assessing the breeding value of Yorkshire and Landrace pigs based on the marker genes PRKAG3, MC4R, and MYOD1 allowed us to identify the preferred alleles and determine correlation with productivity traits that provided increase in the average population values: for self-productivity - by 2-4%, for fattening traits - by 2.7-12.5%, for meat traits - by 2.8-34.4 %.

Conclusion. The use of integrated system in pig breeding will speed up the selection work to increase the indicators of fattening and meat productivity of the created breeding herds of Yorkshire and Landrace pigs.

Purpose: study of associations of live weight and genotypic traits in reindeer populations.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020. on the basis of 8 agricultural enterprises in Chukotka. Tissue samples (ear pinch) of deer of different sex and age groups served as material for genetic studies. In molecular genetic studies, 1002 samples were used. Individual genotyping of animals was carried out using the ISSR-PCR method. The live weight of the reindeer was determined using the materials of the zootechnical reports of the reindeer farms. Associations of the average population indices of genetic diversity and live weight of deer were established by a calculation-statistical method of comparing the values of values. The correlation coefficient was calculated by the product method according to the Pearson formula.

Results. The variability of ISSR markers in populations indicates a significant similarity between them in most of the allelic frequencies, which confirms the common origin, economic and breeding use of the Chukchi breed deer. The populations are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity. Differences in live weight between highly productive and less productive populations on average for all sex and age groups of deer amounted to 16.8%. At the same time, the populations with a high live weight of deer significantly exceeded the populations with a lower live weight in the average number of alleles per locus by 5.0% (P <0.01), the number of effective effective alleles - by 11.8% (P <0.001), polymorphic information content index (PIC) - by 35.8% (P <0.01). The homozygosity coefficient in the low-productive animals was 12.6% higher than in the high-productive group. In the populations with the highest live weight of deer - WZR, WAE and AMG, the most significant indicators of genetic diversity were also found: the average number of alleles per locus is 8.57; 10.45 and 8.71; effective alleles per locus - 7.57; 9.10 & 8.15; expected heterozygosity - 0.868; 0.890 & 0.877; PIC index - 0.248; 0.380 and 0.374, respectively. In populations with a low live weight of deer - OST and CHN, the smallest values of the number of active effective alleles per locus were found - 6.68 and 6.41; expected heterozygosity - 0.850 and 0.844, PIC index (proportion of heterozygotes) - 0.151 and 0.254. The correlation coefficient between the indicator of live weight and the genetic diversity of deer turned out to be equal for the average number of alleles per locus r = 0.335; the number of effective alleles - r = 0.52; heterozygosity - r = 0.558, the proportion of heterozygous variants - r = 0.646.

Conclusion. The data obtained make it possible to state the existence of a dependence of the live weight of deer on the genotypic diversity in the populations of the Chukchi breed.

The phenotypic diversity of skin color in wild and domestic animals is an important characteristic for biologists and breeders. The color of the skin can be a sign of the breed. Some people prefer a bird with a dark skin color; such meat is considered more delicious and nutritious. In European countries, yellow-skinned or white-skinned birds are preferred.

The variety of skin colors depends on a combination of specific genes that affect the deposition of xanthophylls and melanins, polygenic modifiers, and environmental factors. The yellow color of the egg yolk, as well as the white or yellow color of the skin and fat, is caused by carotenoids and xanthophylls. The dark colors of the skin and feathers depend on melanin, which is divided into eumelanin - the black pigment of the eyes, plumage, connective tissue and skin, and pheomelanin, which determines the brown shades of the plumage.

Even in the last century, the Mendelian inheritance of white and yellow skin color in chickens was studied and the autosomal genes (W, w) that cause it were determined. Later in 2008, associations of the W locus with the beta-carotene dioxygenase 2 (BCDO2) gene were found. The results of these studies also changed earlier ideas about the origin of domestic chicken.

Studies of the genetics of dark skin color were conducted on hyperpigmented silk breed of chickens. Classical breeding experiments have determined that this trait is controlled by two interacting genes: a sex-linked cutaneous melanin inhibitor (Id) and autosomal fibromelanosis (Fm).In 2010, the Fm gene that causes skin tissue hyperpigmentation was associated with the endothelin 3 (EDN3) gene. Beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1 (B4GALT1), and versikan (VCAN) genes have been proposed as candidate genes for Id. Later in 2017, the GRAM domain gene containing 3 (GRAND 3) was proposed as the most likely candidate gene for the Id locus. However, no mutations significantly associated with this trait were found in GRAND 3.

As a result of a century-long history of studying the genes that determine skin color in chickens, exact associations with the sex-linked skin melanin inhibitor Id have not been determined. Thus, this problem requires further study.

Purpose: evaluation of the quality of seed chimer and source forms before and after cryopreservation.

Materials and methods. For research, the breed of Sussex chickens and Poltava clay. Using these rocks, chimeras were obtained by the method of transplantation of blastodermal cells. An assessment of the quality of sperm of the roosters was carried out under a microscope at a temperature of 42 degrees. At various times, the activity of native sperm and its concentration was determined. Cryoconservation was carried out in small granules. The defrosting of the granules was produced on a heated metal plate at a temperature of 60 ° C.

Results. A comparative analysis of the volume of the ejaculate showed that Himer on average it was somewhat larger than that of the initial forms. The activity of sperms in native genital cells was sufficiently high in all studied samples, and was 80% or more. The concentration of sperm retained the same trend and practically did not differ from each other in all studied samples. The activity of frozen-fatty seed of the initial breeds and their chimer was significantly different. The maximum activity was observed in the Sussex breed and reliably below (p≤ 0.01) it has the remaining experimental groups. The activity of frozen-fatty seed turned out to be equal in chimeric organisms and Poltava clay, although Himer recipients were sussexes. It should be noted that the swing of oscillations according to the degree of activity of frozen-fatty seed in chimeric birds was significant (from 10 to 40 points), and the number of observations is small.

Conclusion. The study assess the quality of seed chimer and the source forms before and after cryopreservation. It was demonstrated that after defrosting the activity of frozen-fatty seed of the initial rocks and their chimer was different.

Purpose: study the biotechnical features of rearing juvenile giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) using recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS).

Materials and methods. Two fish-farming modules RAS and aquarian complex were used for the work. One of them has a total volume of 6.5 m³, the second - 14.5 m³. Larvae were reared in gasite cages of 0.021 m³ in an aquarian complex of two 200-liter aquariums. Larvae of one female prawn were used in an amount of 8500 units. At each stage of prawns' development we used different versions of feed of both animal and plant origin: artemia, minced fish, boiled chicken eggs (protein + yolk), beef liver and oat flakes.

Results. Brood fish were kept at an average planting density of 6.2 individuals/m², with a sex ratio of 1:4.5 (males: females). The planting density of larvae in cages was 2,125 units/cage or 101.2 units/liter. The average weight of juveniles during rearing of postlarvae at 130 days was 3.19 g. Juvenile yield was 49.9%. Specific growth rate of biomass varied from 4.87 to 3.68 %. Planting density of juveniles varied from 1775,6 units/m2 to 660,9 units/m². As a result, the feeding coefficient was 5.24 units. Growing productivity was 362.7 pcs/m² or 1156.8 g/m² in the RAS module.

Conclusion. There were established biotechnical peculiarities and production possibilities of growing young giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) using fish-breeding RAS and aquarian complex. Modernization of fish-feeding RAS and use of some recommendations on feeding suggest the possibility of their use for breeding and rearing of juvenile giant freshwater prawns in already existing warm-water enterprises, initially aimed at other objects of aquaculture.