The aim of research is estimation of genetic structure of reindeer husbandry populations in pedigree farms of Chukchee autonomous district. The genetic structure of chukchee reindeer breed has been studied by using ISSR-method on polymorphism DNA microsatellite sequence. It is found 11 amplified fragments of DNA length from 180 to 1300 b.p. In this selection most frequent fragments have middle length - 240 - 570 b.p. In reindeer genomes most frequent fragments are No. 3 (240-330 b.p), No. 5 (350-430), No. 6 (440-520), No. 7 (520-570). It is probably, spectrum of allele frequencies from 4 fragments is typical for chukchee reindeer breed. In this selection all fragments of DNA are polymorphous, their frequencies is less 1. From 11 locus 6-9 (54.5-88.9%) are informative, have frequencies more than 5%. It is established, middle frequent fragments of DNA for chukchee reindeer breed by dates of 7 reindeer husbandry populations. Middle quantity of alleles on locus microsatellite is equaled 9.31 (from 8 to 10.4). Analysis of the data revealed the presence of a high level of heterozygosity DNA - 0.844-0.891. The significance of the data obtained is that they will be used in the formation of the DNA bank for the control and management of the genetic resources of the chukchee reindeer breed.

The Thoroughbred horse was created in England in the XVIII century with the use of stallions of Eastern origin and is one of the most valuable riding breeds bred in 70 countries. In Russia Stud Book of the breed has been published since 1836. The exchange of breeding material between countries provides for the formation of branched linear structure and a progressive development of this breed for the past three centuries. Our assessment of the origin of stallions-producers, used in the last ten years (n=643), showed that among them the most widely represented descendants of Northern Dancer (26.0%), Nasrullah(15.5%) and Mr. Prospector (13.2%). In genotypes of the sires was identified 91 out of 100 alleles identified in the breed. Comparative analysis of producers of different lines by genetic and population parameters showed that they differ in the number of alleles (Na 55-83), the average level of polymorphism (Ae 2,151-3,231) and the degree of observed heterozygosity (Ho 0,549-0,725) of the studied loci. Genetic distances between the representatives of different lines varied in the interval (0.684-0.971) and corresponded to kinship relations between them. The average differentiation index of 15 stallions was 0.056, for Massine, Duglas, Tourbillon and Man О`War lines this index was significantly higher (P<0.01). Linear structuring of the breed is an effective breeding method for obtaining the effect of heterosis at the cross of lines and the preservation of genetic diversity in the population of thoroughbred riding horses.

Preserving the gene pool of poultry, including chickens, is currently one of the urgent tasks in the global poultry industry, since gene pool breeds are a reservoir of valuable genes and alleles. One of such breeds is the Russian White, bred in the Genetic Collection of Rare and Endangered Breeds of RRIFAGB, characterized by thermal resistance of young stock at low growing temperatures, as well as increased resistance to several diseases, such as Marek's disease, leukemia, chicken carcinoma. As a result of breeding for thermal resistance, genotypes with snow-white down of day-old chicks appeared. At present, a line of snow-white homozygous for the sw+ gene has been created. Analysis of its adaptive abilities in low temperature conditions (single cooling of incubated eggs on the 6th day to + 20°C for 6 hours) revealed intra-breed differences in the degree of reaction to this stress factor (exp. I). The response to stress was the change in the volume of the allantoic amniotic fluid of embryos. In the standard incubation mode, F₀ embryos did not differ from each other in absolute and relative volume of the allantoic-amniotic fluid both from chickens with yellow color of down and from “snow-whites”. In response to the cooling, both groups increased the volume of extraembryonic fluid, but this increase was 2 times larger for “snow-whites”. In F₄, the embryos of chickens “snow-white” as a result of cooling increased the volume of allantoic amniotic fluid by 6%, while in the second group of embryos the amount of fluid didn't change. The thermoresistance of neonatal Russian White chicks was evaluated in comparison with Amrox chicks (exp. II). It has been established that the chicks of “snow-white” more effectively maintain the body temperature under the conditions of hour exposure at a temperature of + 16°C (the body temperature range of chicks is 32.6 - 21.1°C) compared with amrox chickens (the body temperature range of chickens is 31.0 - 18.4°C ), remain active and don't become torpid. We suppose that chickens of the Russian white breed, homozygous for the sw+ gene as a result of selection for this trait over 4 generations, have more advanced mechanisms of thermoregulation, better adapted to the conditions of low temperatures in the embryonic and early postnatal period.

Conducted the interbreeding of gene pool breeds of chickens from bioresource collection "Genetic collection of rare and endangered breeds of chickens," All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Farm Animals. On the basis of a two-breed hybrid bird used as a maternal form, two groups of three-breed hybrids were obtained. Productive characteristics of three breed hybrids and parental forms were investigated. Studied the combinative ability of the breeds used. Studies have shown that, in egg production, three-breed hybrids are superior to two-breed mothers and Czech golden breed, which is the paternal form. Due to the low live weight of the paternal form, the obtained three-breed hybrids have a live weight lower than the hens of the double-breed maternal form. At the same time, there are no significant differences in the mass of eggs between the two-breed and three-breed forms. As a result of reducing the live weight of the bird, the feed consumption is reduced while the weight of eggs is maintaining and egg productivity is increasing, which leads to lower production costs. Besides the bird with low body weight, have a compact size, which allows use of available space more efficiently. On the majority of the qualitative characteristics of eggs three-pedigree hybrids have intermediate values between the paternal and maternal forms. Three-breed hybrid chickens are inferior to double-breed mothers in terms of the content of yolk in the egg and the caloric content of the egg mass, but have no significant differences with the paternal form - the Czech golden breed. The results of the study concluded that the use of the gene pool breeds of chickens is perspectively in selective programs to produce high-yield hybrid birds. Further research is needed on the combining abilities of the gene pool breeds of chickens.

According to the results of work for 2018 ZAO "Zolotaya Niva" in the Smolensk region occupies a leading position in dairy productivity of cows. A herd of pedigree reproducer was formed in the period from 2010 to 2015 years of animals, imported from Germany, Denmark and USA. The highest productivity of cows in the herd reaches the level of 14-16 thousand kg. of milk per lactation, with a fat content of 4,32-4,42 % and protein - 3,42-3,52 %. The largest number of animals is begun to yield more milk to the level of 8-12 thsd. kg. Daughters born in the United States, Denmark and Russia were worse for signs of dairy productivity than their mothers, unlike daughters from Germany. Average values of productivity from 1 to 7 lactation have a tendency to increase. Affiliation to line of breeding, except cows from Russia, does not have a significant impact on their highest productivity. The best productive qualities have daughters born in Russia and imported from the United States, received from the bulls of American breeding. Cull cows in the herd mainly occur at 2-3 of lactation for reasons of disease of the legs, udder, genital organs and animal defects. The average life expectancy of cows on the farm is 2,8 lactation.

In the article the comparative analysis was done on the ontogeny of three genotypes of Ropsha carp having different origin and their phenotypic features, at different ages. This fish species is not well adapted to North-Western regions of the country that is why breeding work aimed at generation of new breeding forms suitable for aquaculture is of great importance. Biometric processing of primary accounting data was performed. Indicators of live weight, measurements, calculated ratios length, thickness, fatness were analyzed. The high variability of ontogenesis in yearlings was identified. Over time the second and third years of the three genotypes became more balanced. Individuals of return genotype in the third year have a maximum live weight. Representatives of BB cuttings in the first year of life were much superior to individuals of other strains in growth, size, but in the future their growth is slowing down. It is known that genotype BB was generated by crossing with another variety of carp, the fact that might explain accelerated growth of this fish. Cuttings from reciprocating interlined in the first year of life showed minimal results, in the future, the pace of growth increases, and in the third year of life, they did not stand out much in size and weight. The genetic characteristics of the representatives of the BB cuttings obviously affect the increase in body mass when compared with other genotypes. The VM layering (reciprocal-interlinear) in the first year of life shows minimal results, in the future the growth rate increases, and in the third year of life they are not very distinguished by size and weight.

The article presents materials about the rearing of Siberian sturgeon from the Lena population (Acipenser Baerii Brandt) in the conditions of the northern regions. It is noted that, despite the difficult climatic conditions of the European North, the biological and reproductive features of the Siberian sturgeon make it possible to effectively grow sturgeon to marketable sizes, as well as to obtain high quality sexual products and stocking material. The use of Siberian sturgeon in the aquaculture of the North is quite relevant, as it has a high adaptive plasticity, can be grow in a wide temperature range, characterized by good product performance (fast growth, low feed costs, high survival). When creating optimal conditions in fish farms, this species shows considerable potential and shows high grow efficiency. Analysis of fish breeding, biological and economic indicators of growing Siberian sturgeon showed that it has high values of survival (over 95%) and growth rate when using different methods of rearing. Also analyzed the costs of growing marketable fish in cages, established natural reservoirs and in closed recirculating systems (CRS). With using these methods, the cost structure is different, but both technologies allow obtaining products with a high payback level. The reproductive indices of the Siberian sturgeon ripened in the conditions of the North were estimated and it was noted that the females have very high values of working fertility, gametosomatic indices and the mass of eggs. This testifies to the high quality of Siberian sturgeon producers which grown and kept in the natural water bodies of the Northern regions. The comprehensive evaluation of the Siberian sturgeon growing has shown a high efficiency of this object using in the aquaculture of the European North.

Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) is one of the basic species of agricultural civilization. Modern problems of reduction of animal biodiversity of agricultural species, fertile soils, changes in climatic conditions and increasing the importance of not only productive, but also the adaptive potential of animals, lead to special attention to zebu cattle. Its use in breeding programs for the improvement of European cattle (Bos taurus) could help to overcome some of these problems. In this regard, this paper presents an overview of the data accumulated on the gene pool features of zebu cattle, intraspecific differentiation by characteristics of meat and dairy productivity, adaptive potential and population-genetic relationships with other members of the genus "real" bulls (Bos). Zebu cattle belongs to the types of farm animals of universal using, of African-Asian origin, phenotypically differs from European cattle by the presence of a hump serving as a fat depot. Zebu cattle are resistant to a number of infectious diseases, in particular, to pyroplasmidosis, which allows it to be used for hybridization with European cattle to increase the adaptive capacity of the latter. The comparative analysis of the zebu gene pool with other representatives of the genus Bos allows to conclude that its hybridization with European cattle could increase the genetic diversity of the latter, adaptive potential, as well as influence on the desired quality of the final livestock products.

The article presents the results of the action of cytochalazine B on the change in the topography of the membranes of red blood cells and the rearrangement of cytoskeleton elements using scanning electron microscopy. In the course of the studies, the degree of violation of the structure of membrane proteins, changes in the shape of cells and cytoskeleton elements, which are observed during castration of boars, were studied. The dynamics of changes in the architectonics of erythrocyte membranes is one of the characteristics of the etiopathogenesis of a number of disorders in the normal functioning of the individual. These changes were evaluated on blood samples using scanning electron microscopy. Red blood cells were pre-fixed under conditions excluding deformation of the cell surface. Dehydration in alcohol solutions of increasing concentration was carried out, dried by the transition of the critical point of CO2 in the HCP-Hitachi installation. During the study, changes in the surface relief of cell membranes characteristic of this cytostatic were observed. Under the action of the drug cytochalasin B, the formation of rare long strands with high optical density was observed when stained according to Heidenhain. The significant heterogeneity in the color intensity was noted, areas of dense hematoxylin staining were identified as well. The localization zones of actin are shown in the near-membrane regions after 30-45 minutes of cytochalazine action. The use of the drug Cytochalazine B in an isosmotic environment leads to an internal rearrangement of erythrocyte membrane proteins, and also determines a change in the shape of cells. This effect can be considered an analogue of the stress factor. Under simulated conditions, the mechanisms of membrane-destructive action on erythrocyte cytokarkas proteins are triggered, leading to a change in the surface of the membrane and, as a result, a violation of some parameters of the microvasculature. It can be assumed that this model of stress exposure can be used to assess the effect of stress factors on the phospholipid matrix of the blood erythrocyte membrane.

The paper presents the materials of the authors ' own studies of the influence of the genotype on some biochemical parameters of the blood of purebred breeding boars of Poltava meat breed of the main herd. Animals of three breed groups were studied: 1) lines obtained by breeding "in clean" 2) lines obtained by the method of "bloodshed", using the Finnish Landrace 3) lines obtained by the method of "bloodshed", using precocious meaty breed. All boars were in the same conditions of feeding and keeping. In the blood serum of pigs, biochemical parameters were determined by conventional methods: the amount of total protein, the number of albumins, globulins, protein coefficient, urea level, aminotransferase activity (ALT and AST), de Ritis coefficient. In boars of different genotypes, the leveling of the difference in biochemical parameters is noted. However, boars of lines with blood of precocious meat breed have higher biological opportunities to activity in the given climatic and technological conditions, i.e. are more perspective for further selection work. According to the results of the study, pigs of this genotype are characterized by a more stable metabolism, the state of humoral mechanisms of natural resistance of the body, and, consequently, they have the potential for higher productivity. The use of blood shedding of precocious meat breed, to create new lines leads to the solution of problems associated with the reduction of the viability of genetically highly productive animals, adverse effects of unilateral breeding on productivity, adverse technological factors. The obtained data of boars will help to establish the average populational of biochemical status of the breed in these conditions, to monitor and adjust the status of pigs depending on gender and genotype in modern industrial technologies.

Getting healthy offspring depends on the health of the mother. Changes in the biochemical profiles of mares can be markers of the threatened state for the embryo and fetus. There were no significant differences in the concentration of total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, glucose, triglycerides in non-pregnant mares and mares 2 months of pregnancy. The activity of AST and ALT also did not differ. There was a significant increase in cholesterol in the second month of pregnancy compared with the first month - from 2.1 ± 0.12 to 2.4 ± 0.09 mmol/L (p <0.05). The activity of LDG and GGT significantly increased in mares in the second month of pregnancy compared with non-pregnant mares. LDG activity increased by 10%, and GGT increased by 27% (p <0.05). There was a significant increase in the concentration of creatinine in mares from the first month of pregnancy. The concentration of globulins was significantly lower by 9% (p <0.05) in the mares aborted later. Also, aborted mares showed an increased concentration of triglycerides 0.29 ± 0.03 mmol/L and cholesterol 2.8 ± 0.25 mmol /L compared with mares that successfully completed the pregnancy 0.20 ± 0.04 mmol/L and 2.4 ± 0.08 mmol /L, respectively (p <0.05). An increase in the activity of enzymes of protein-carbohydrate metabolism in mares at 2 months of gestation, with unfavorable pregnancy as compared with mares that brought healthy foals, was noted. It should be noted that all the studied biochemical parameters were within the reference values. Monitoring the biochemical status of mares before mating and in the first 2 months of pregnancy will allow identifying animals with an unfavorable prognosis of pregnancy and taking measures, for example, to adjust feeding.

Mastitis-endometritis syndrome at the beginning of lactation in cows is one of the most economically significant diseases of dairy cattle, since the measures of treatment and prevention are financially costly and, very importantly, difficult to recover. In this regard, further study of the relationship of these diseases in the postpartum period is of great practical importance. In the course of work, the percentage of cows with placenta retention, endometritis and mastitis, separately, as well as jointly occurring in the postpartum period (the first month after calving) was determined. It was found that of 590 calving cows and heifers in the first month after calving revealed 322 or 54.5% of animals with postpartum pathology, including endometritis, detention of the afterbirth and mastitis. Among postpartum diseases of cows in the surveyed economy dominated by endometritis (43.2% of the number of calving cows) with various forms of inflammation of the endometrium. Detention of placenta and mastitis amounted to 20.0% and 17.8% of the number of calving animals or 2.2 and 2.4 times less compared to endometritis. The analysis of the results found that the number of postpartum diseases averaged 0.8 per calving cow or 1.5 per sick cow (P>0.999). A direct average relationship between the diseases of cows in the postpartum period of endometritis and mastitis was established, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.48; a direct strong relationship between endometritis and placenta retention was 0.83 at P>0.999.