The aim of the research is to study the probability of manifestation of the haplotype of fertility AH1 in Ayrshire sires with different variants of the presence of AH1C in male ancestors in the first four rows of their pedigree.

Materials and methods. The material of the study was the data of the electronic database created at RRIFAGB on the presence of the haplotype AH1 in 74 sire of the Ayrshire breed of Russia, of which 22 are carriers of the genetic defect - AH1C, and the rest are free - AH1F. To find patterns in the manifestation of the haplotype in the tested bulls, we analyzed different variants of the presence of AH1C in male ancestors in four rows of the paternal and maternal sides of their pedigree with the calculation of the probability of its manifestation. The study used data from the electronic databases “Card file of Ayrshire bulls” and “Card file of mothers of Ayrshire bulls” prepared for selection and genetic analysis using the computer program “SGS-VNIIGRZH“ and data from the Canadian website www.cdn.ca. The strength of the influence of the factors "distance of the nearest carrier ancestor" and "number of carrier ancestors" in all ranks of the proband's pedigrees on the manifestation of the haplotype AH1 in bulls of the Ayrshire breed was calculated using ANOVA in Data Analysis of Microsoft Office Excel.

Results. Among the tested livestock, 42.3% of bulls AH1F did not have male ancestors of AH1C in the pedigree, while AH1C bulls had 27.3% of them. It was found that with the nearest ancestor AH1C in the 4th row of the pedigree, the haplotype was manifested in only 8.3% of the tested sires, in the 3rd and 2nd rows - in 16.7%, and in the 1st - in 75.0%. The strength of the factor “distance of the nearest carrier ancestor” is 22.0%, while the factor “number of carrier ancestors” in all ranks of the proband's pedigrees is 21.0%. Ancestors of AH1С in the first two rows of the pedigree is a reliable indicator for identifying the fertility haplotype in a proband. The highest probability of manifestation of the AH1 in a proband is observed in the presence of carrier ancestors on both sides of the pedigree, including the father.

Conclusion. To reduce the likelihood of manifestation of AH1 in a proband, it is necessary to prevent the presence of bulls carrying the fertility haplotype closer to the fourth row in his pedigree, and also to avoid in all ranks of the pedigree more than three AH1C males.

Objective: mathematical demography means to identify and evaluate the age distribution of male and female of Taimyr tundra reindeer in the first decade of the XXI century and future trends in demographic situation Taimyr population.

Materials and methods. The base material for evaluating the current state of the population age structure Taimyr steel fishing representative sample of male and female wild deer (n = 10845 individuals) collected in the West, Central and Taimyr Putorana in 2001-2008., And the deer samples (n = 1569 individuals), the floor of which is unknown. Determination of individual animals from age and older (n = 9773 individuals) performed on histological sections of cutters according to the corresponding procedure. To repay the random deviations of sample data because of a lack of presence of immature animals (calves, yearlings, young 1-2 years) (selectivity of fishing is directed primarily at the production of individuals older than 3 years, why animals in different age groups in the samples is greater than there are in the population) applies a smoothing procedure. Then, positive deviation of the number of individuals in the same age group were leveled due to negative deviations in adjacent groups.

Results. By smoothed age ranges of the field samples from 2001-2008 the current age distribution of Taimyr wild reindeer calculated and analyzed. The study showed that the theoretical current age distribution of males with realized breeding is 77.03, females - 80.56, in the combined groups of animals - 82.35%. The real population has 18-19 age generations of males and females. The reproductive core of males from 3 to 10 years old is 48.43%, individuals of age limit 11 years and older occupy 1.96% of this sex and age structure, calves and young animals for 1-2 years - 24.64%. For the reproductive part of females aged 3–15 years, the overall age distribution is 55.34%, and the proportion of juveniles and young animals, according to calculations, is determined in this part of the population at 25.16%. In the combined current age distribution, males, females: calves and young animals accounted for 27.72%, the sexually mature part with animals of older and age-specific ages - 54.63%.

Conclusion. Demographic Taimir population modeling operation in the first decade of the XXI century long materials commercial samples collected at commercial points shown at current age distribution of the realized and reproduction conditions for existing commercial load males - 77.03 for females - 80.56 and for unified groups (males, females) - 82.4%. Meanwhile, the steady state and stable age distribution Taimyr tundra wild deer can reach a middle-level only when the fecundity of female reproductive generations with clean reproduction rate (R0) equal in population groupings 1.0

Purpose: the goal is to study in the piglets of a large white breed of influence of body weight at birth (large-way) on the thickness of the scraping and the age of achieving the live weight of 100 kg.

Materials and methods. The object of the study - piglets (hrying and pigs) of a large white breed from birth until they achieve a live mass of 100 kg. The growth and development of piglets-sausage was studied by weighing them at birth. Primary data included 4215 weight records at the birth of tribal purebred piglets of a large white breed (hrying and pigs). Posyat, both live births and stillborn, weighed individually within 24 hours from the moment of birth. Weighing was carried out on scales with an accuracy of 100 g. The conditions of detention and feeding were the same. Three groups of experimental animals were formed, taking into account the live masses at birth. The first group was made up piglets with low live weight (1.0 kg and lower), the second - piglets with a normal body weight at birth (from 1.1 to 1.9 kg) and were divided into nine subgroups of 0.1 kg, the third - individuals with high live weight (2.0 kg and above). The thickness of the strika was measured in a lifestyle-meater ultrasonic device in the region over 6-7 breast vertebrae when a live mass of 100 kg is achieved (in the range of 60 kg to 150 kg).

Results. It has been established that the floor of the animal, multipleness, month-year of birth, herd, liveborn or stillborn piglets in litter affect the average weight of the birth of piglets, as well as the thickness of the scraping and the number of days to achieve a live weight of 100 kg. The difference in weight at birth between the floors was insignificant, and the males were somewhat heavier piglets. Piglets 3 groups have had a higher average weight at birth compared to piglets 1 and 2 groups. Bible weight decreased when the size of the litter increased with 4 piglets (n = 54) to 17 piglets (n = 22). Piglets with a low live weight at birth had the most thick thickness of the striking at a weight of 100 kg and the longest was taken to 100 kg. In animals with high body weight at birth was the thinnest thickness of the strik, and it took the least day to reach the live weight of 100 kg. The thickness of the strip that pigs with a living weight of 100 kg decreased with an increase in body weight at birth. In pigs with a low live weight at birth, the strik thickness was 0,5 mm thicker (p≥0,999) compared with pigs weighing 1.4 kg and 1.5 mm thick stuck (p≥0,999) compared with the 3rd group. A significant correlation -0,20 was found between the live body weight at birth and the thickness of the scraping when the animals reach 100 kg.

Conclusion. Thus, the sex of the animal, multipleness, liveborn or stillborn piglets in the litter - all this affected the middle weight at the birth of piglets, as well as the thickness of the scraping and the number of days to achieve live weight 100 kg. Analyzing the above data, we can assume that the ratio rate (weight of the birth of piglets) must be considered to further predict the productivity of the animal.

Purpose: Comparative characteristics of the exterior of dogs of northern sled breeds.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was the dogs of the Chukchi sled dog breed and the Siberian husky used in the LLC "Scythians-tour" of the Republic of Karelia. The method of taking body measurements from dogs and calculating body composition indices was used. Body measurements were carried out in 14 males and 8 females of the Chukchi sled dog and 17 males and 7 females of the Siberian husky. From the measurements, the height at the withers, the oblique length of the trunk, the chest circumference, the length of the forelimb, the circumference of the pastern, the length of the muzzle, the length of the head were taken into account. To take measurements, a measuring stick, a compass and a measuring tape were used. Based on the measurements, the physique indices are calculated. The degree of differences was assessed based on the results of biometric processing of indicators using the Excel program.

Results. It was established that the males of the Chukotka Sled Dog and Siberian Husky breed were significantly superior to bitches in almost all body measurements, i.e. they were significantly larger than them. The males of the Chukchi sled dog exceeded the Siberian huskies by 6 cm in the oblique length of the trunk, by 2.4 cm in the length of the head. The differences between the bitches of the Chukchi sled and the Siberian Husky appeared only in the chest circumference and the length of the muzzle. The bitches of the Chukchi sled were more downed and massive than the males. In dogs of the Siberian Husky breed, there were no significant differences between males and bitches in all body indices. The males of the Siberian Husky breed were more downed and massive than the males of the Chukchi sled dog. Bitches of both breeds were developed in the same way.

Conclusion. Sexual dimorphism in the exterior was manifested in dogs of the Chukchi Sled dog breed. Breed and sex differences of dogs in size, appearance and physique should be taken into account when forming sleds.

Purpose: Study of the results of the use of bull-producers imported from the United States in the conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region.

Materials and methods. The work was performed in 2018-2019 in the farms of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The object of study - the heifers of the Holstein breed, which reached 360-380 kg of a living mass aged 13 months and above. Total experience used 495 heifers. Feeding chubs was carried out in accordance with feeding norms, taking into account the physiological state of animals. The insemination of the heifers was carried out by the rectocervical way after synchronization of hunting. We studied the number of seeds, the pregnancy from one insemination, the number of abortions and the number of repeated pubs within a month after the hotel. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was carried out in the SPSSV.15.0 program.

Results. It has been established that more than 70% of the heifers were invented at the age of 13-15 months. The pregnancy from one insemination was 58%. The best result (72.2%) was obtained in the group of heifers aged 19 months and above. The results of the study show that the seed season plays an essential role in seeding. The best indicators were obtained in the summer period - 60%, in autumn - 54% and in winter - 56%.

Conclusion. The data obtained give reason to believe that the optimal age of the insemination of the heifer is 13-15 months. The result of artificial insemination of the heifer has an influence of the season of the year in the insemination and season of birth of heifers, while the birth season as a factor has a higher value.

The purpose of the study is to study the relationship between the rates of dairy productivity and reproduction of cows in the highly productive Ayrshire herds of the Republic of Karelia.

Materials and methods. The work was performed on the basis of the four Stud of the Airshire rock at the "Megrega" trivial, "Ilyinskoe", Mayak LLC, Agrocomplex OJSC. V. M. Zaitseva "(Republic of Karelia). Data on dairy productivity and reproductive ability are collected and processed in 24,720 cows. Materials of zootechnical accounting and bonitations for 2004-2020 were used. At the end of the observation period, the productivity of the Stud was 7500-8500 kg of milk.

From indicators of the productivity of cows, the amount of fishing, fat products for full lactation and 305 days of lactation, from the reproduction indicators - the duration of the service period, a dry period, an interstitial period (MOP), the age of the first calf, the age of cows during the selection, the causes of the selection are taken.

The main biometric constants (X ̅, ϭ, CV) were calculated, the grouping method was used to characterize the signs of signs calculated the correlation coefficients.

Results. The relationship between milk productivity and reproduction was studied in 4 Ayrshire herds of 24,720 cows with an average productivity of 7500-8500 kg of milk. A high positive relationship of milk yield and milk fat production with the duration of the service period (SP) was established, the correlation coefficient was up to 0.929 (P<0.001), which is consistent with the data of other researchers of this problem. It is shown that in herds with a milk yield of 8500-9000 kg of milk, the SP duration of 135-140 days is justified. It was noted that the decrease in the age of the first calving of cows led to an increase in the milk yield of the entire herd (r =-0.676; -0.686; P<0.05).

A relatively short period of use of cows in herds was recorded – 3.5-3.7 lactations, while the milk yield of cows aged six lactations and older significantly exceeded the average milk yield for the herd. This leads to a positive correlation of the period of use of cows (r =0.935; P<0.001) and the proportion of cows with six lactation and older (r =0.788; P<0.05) with the milk yield of the herd. Cows with six lactations and older can stay in the herd, provided that their performance exceeds the average level of the herd. The influence of milk yield on the length of the service period and the MOP is manifested not only within one lactation, but also in adjacent lactation. It was found that with an increase in milk yield from less than 6000 kg of milk to 9500-10000 kg or more in the previous lactation, the duration of SP in the subsequent lactation increased from 112 to 170 days, MOP – from 391 to 436 (correlation coefficients from 0.138 (P<0.01) to 0.870 (P<0.001).

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the need to develop operating conditions for cows that provide a combination of high and record milk yield with normal reproductive abilities. In particular, to ensure maximum optimization of feeding conditions, maintenance, breeding and veterinary services, and control of animal health.

Purpose: studying the effectiveness of the use of luteotropic action for preventing embryonic development disorders.

Materials and methods. The research object is lactating animals in 60-75 days after a selection that manifests sex cyclicity and separated into 4 groups. The first group (n = 11) – in the insemination of parenterally injected the preparation of tautin at a dose of 5 ml. The second group (n = 11) – tautin was administered at a dose of 10 ml on the same time as cows of the first group. The third group (n = 12) – tautin injected 10 ml twice: during seeding and on the 14th day after seeding. The fourth group (n = 12) – was injected with saline per day of seeding and on the 14th day at a dose of 10 ml (negative control). Conducted a transrectal and ultrasound study at the end of the 1st and 2nd month of gestation, in which the size of the yellow body of pregnancy, embryo and the fetus was taken into account. Upon completion of pregnancy, all animals are taken into account: the nature of the flow of labor (physiological flow, objectiveness, fulbirth, detention, postpartum), postpartum period (physiological flow, submissiveness of the uterus, endometritis), the state of newborn calves (gender of the fetus, the time of manifestation of confident poses of standing, sucking reflex, body mass).

Results. It has been established that the twofold administration of the tautin during seeding and on the 14th day after a dose of 10,0 ml is accompanied by an increase in fertilization by 19,7-28,8%, a decrease in the delay syndrome of the fetus development of 1,4-4,0 times, Absence of embryonic mortality. The use of the drug Tautin twice in a dose of 10,0 ml is accompanied by an increase in the size of the yellow body of pregnancy in 1,43-2,15 times, in comparison with other modes of its use, cockerel-dump-sized – by 12,9-37,6% and diameter Cases – by 10,1-46,6%. The use of a luteotropic drug is accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of cows to the detention of the last 1,8 times, the submissive of the uterus – 1,8 times, endometritis – by 2,7 times, the time of manifestation of confident posture of the standing of newborns of newborn calves – by 15,6 minutes, a sucking reflex – on 16,5 min and diarrheal syndrome – 2,7 times.

Conclusion. The scientific novelty of research lies in the fact that new knowledge is obtained on the effectiveness of the use of the drug of luteotropic action, created using the technology of recombinant proteins, for the prevention of violations of embryonic development in cows.

Purpose: investigate the effect of IBMX (activator of protein phosphorylation) and prolactin (PRL) on the functional state of cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa using inhibitory analysis.

Materials and methods. Frozen-thawed semen samples from 60 black-and-white bulls was used in the experiments. For capacitation, cells were incubated in Sp-TALP medium supplemented with 6 mg/ml bovine serum albumin and various compounds: an inductor of capacitation (IBMX at concentrations of 1 μM, 10 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM), hormone (PRL at concentrations of 1 ng, 10 ng, 50 ng, 100 ng) and inhibitors of protein kinases C (Ro 31-8220 at a concentration of 10 ng/ml) and protein kinase A (H-89 at a concentration of 10 μM). The incubation was carried out at 38°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO₂, 98% humidity for 4 hours. The functional status of the cells was determined by the chlortetracycline test.

Results. It was shown that IBMX at all experimental concentrations did not affect the post-ejaculatory maturation (capacitation and acrosome reaction) of spermatozoa, while all concentrations of PRL (1-100 ng/ml) promoted the acrosome reaction in capacitated cells. In the presence of a protein kinase A inhibitor, there was a decrease in number of capacitated and an increase in number of acrosome-reactive spermatozoa under the action of IBMX at a concentration of 100 μM and no changes under the action of a protein kinase C inhibitor. Also, in case of protein kinase C inhibition the PRL-related stimulation of the acrosome reaction was canceled, while the usage of H-89 did not affect the functional status of spermatozoa, mediated by PRL. Thus, the influence of IBMX and PRL on the processes of post-ejaculatory maturation in thawed bovine spermatozoa was studied using the inhibitory analysis.

Conclusion. At the capacital stage, all studied IBMX concentrations did not affect the ratio of deconved cells with various functional status. Prode also contributed to the passage of the acrosomous reaction in the rolled spermatozoa after defrosting. Inhibition of protein kinase A when incubating cells with IBMX has mediated the processes of acrosomal exocytosis in ripped cells and did not affect this process under the action of the PRR, while the protein kinase inhibitor C changed the ratio of cells with various functional status in the direction of increasing the percentage of cells at the rate of occasion I did not participate in intracellular action provided IBMX on deconved cells.

Purpose: the goal is to study the condition and functional reserves of adrenal cortex in cows with different levels of dairy productivity and their breed accessories.

Materials and methods. In the first experience, the object of the study was cows of a holstered black-motley breed with a high and relatively low level of milk productivity (n = 10 in each group). The second experience was carried out on four breeds of lactating cows: Holsteinated black-made, red-made, Montbeliard and Jersey (n = 10 in each group). The blood of animals were taken from the tail vein 1 time per month during lactation to morning feeding. In both experiments, in the third month of lactation, all animals were performed by a two-time functional load of ACTH (dose – 0,5 units / kg of alive mass intramuscularly). After one hour, blood selection was performed and re-injected by adrenocorticotropic hormone in the same dose. After the second introduction, the ACTH was selected through 1.2 and 3 hours. The calculation of the index of the functional activity of the adrenal cortex was carried out according to the JACN = K₂ / K₁ formula where K₁ is the level of cortisol 1 hour after the first load, K₂ is the level of cortisol after the second load of the ACTH.

Results. In the 1st experience of the highest values, the level of cortisol reached a 3 month lactation. In a highly productive group, the level of cortisol was 86,1 ± 5,3 nmol / l, and in the low product group 74,5 ± 5,7 nmol / l. At 8 months, the lowest cortisol concentration levels are fixed, followed by an increase of 10 months. Differences between groups on 2, 3 and 4 months of lactation are noted as statistically significant (p<0,05). After the load of the ACTH, an index of the functional activity of the adrenal cortex (JACN) was established - in the first high productive group, it was 1.42, and in the second less productive group it was lower and amounted to 1,04.

In the 2^nd experience at the peak of lactation, which also corresponded to 3 months, the level of cortisol concentration increased from a holstered black-motley breed, Mont Belärd, Red-motley and Jersey to 79,3 ± 5,5; 70,2 ± 3,7; 80,3 ± 3,2; 80,5 ± 3,6 nmol / l, respectively. For 8 months of lactation, this figure decreased with the subsequent increase of the 10th month. After establishing Jacnes in a holstered black-motley breed, Montbeliard, red-motley and jersey recorded the following indicators: 1,21; 1,24; 1,18 and 0,89, respectively.

Conclusion. The studies have indicated that in all periods of lactation relative to the high level of cortisol recorded in cows with a higher level of milk productivity. When comparing different rocks, it was established that the limit of the functioning of the adrenal glands in the cows of the Jersey breed was implemented after the first functional load of the ACTH, which gives reason to consider it less stress-resistant with respect to rocks a holstered black and motley, red-motley and monobeldam.

Purpose: Investigation of the sensitivity of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic causative agents of postpartum disgalacting syndrome isolated from the pathological discharge of the vagina and the secretion of the mammary glands of patients with sorts to the most common antibacterial drugs.

Materials and methods. The fence of the biological material was carried out within 2-3 days after supporting in sows of different ages and parity with the clinical manifestation of postpartum disgalacting syndrome from June to August 2021. In sows, the purse was taken in a mosper, milk, discharge from the vagina for the purpose of bacteriological research.

Samples of vaginal wasches were sent in a special transportation environment of Ames. Samples of colostrum and milk (3-5 ml) were gained in sterile test tubes in compliance with the rules of antiseptics (the mammary glands were laid with warm water and 70% ethyl alcohol were treated). For the allocation and study of pure cultures of microorganisms from the above biomaterials produced crops on various nutrient media.

The material brought to the laboratory was studied as follows: from the transport medium was carried out primary sowing on triptica-soybean agar, tryptichase-soybean broth, triptichase-soy agar with the addition of 5% of the defibrous blood of the ram; Samples were incubated in aerobic conditions at 37; The growth was taken into account after 24 hours. Then, pure cultures were isolated for the study of the cultural and morphological properties of the microorganisms obtained.

The primary identification of the strains of microorganisms was carried out using the Microflex® LRF Bruker Maldi Biotyper system. The accuracy of the results obtained was confirmed by classical microbiological methods based on morphological, cultural and biochemical signs of microorganisms.

The resistance of the isolated and identified pure crops to antibiotics was determined by diffusion in agar. In the study, the "advanced set of disks to estimate the antibiotic sensitivity of enterobacteria was used.

Results. Inflammatory processes in the reproductive path of sows with postpartum diskalactic syndrome are caused by predominant gram-negative microorganisms, in lactic glands - associations of gram-positive and gram-negative microflora. The main conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic pathogens of endometritis and / or mastitis associated with postpartum diskalactic syndrome are the microorganisms of Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Actinobacillus, Rothia, Weisella, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. It has been established that the overwhelming majority of microorganisms are sensitive to cephalosporine antibiotics: cefepim, zefisim, cefotaxim, ceftazidim, ceftriaxone, ceftinibuthen, cefuroxime.

Conclusion. With respect to a large number of the most frequently used antibacterial drugs on this pig-breeding enterprise, high resistance is observed in microorganisms. Treatment of postpartum diskalactic syndrome sowers using antibacterial drugs is recommended to be carried out taking into account sensitivity to them allocated conditional and pathogenic microorganisms.

Purpose: to study the clinical and echographic manifestation of endometritis.

Materials and methods. Clinical and echographic research was carried out on 19 red-and-white cows, in the conditions of the agricultural farm of the Druzhba breeding plant, Pavlovsky district, Voronezh region on the 30-32th day after calving using the Easi-Scan scanner from BCF Technology Ltd, Scotland. Before ultrasound examination to establish the diagnosis, all animals were examined, transrectal palpation of the uterus. Simultaneously with the ultrasound examination, a cytological study of the uterine mucosa was carried out. For this purpose, a probe was constructed from a metal catheter intended for artificial insemination of cows with sequins by the deep cervical method with rectal fixation of the cervix; a cytobrush of the Juno probe was attached to the tip of the instrument. To confirm the diagnosis, a laboratory study of cervical mucus was additionally carried out by the express method according to Whiteside, modified by N. I. Polyantsev and Yu. N. Popov.

Results. According to the results of rectal examination and ultrasound diagnostics, the cows were divided into three groups: clinically healthy, animals with clinically pronounced chronic endometritis and with latent endometritis. In the group of healthy animals, individual superficial and vacuolated intermediate cells (6.17 ± 0.51) and single neutrophils (2.31 ± 0.32) were detected in smears. In the group of clinically healthy cows, no gram-positive coccobacillary microorganisms and cells of the basal layer of the uterine mucosa were detected. In the second group, in animals with clinically pronounced chronic endometritis, a large number of segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes and a large number of cocci were detected in smears. Thus, in one visual field, the number of gram-positive cocobacillary microorganisms fluctuated on average 764.45 ± 4.56 microbial bodies, while the number of neutrophils increased in comparison with clinically healthy animals by 20.84 times and averaged 48.14 ± 2 in the group. , 91, the percentage of the score averaged around 12.1%. Simultaneously with an increase in the number of leukocytes in animals, the number of epithelial cells of the uterine mucosa increased by 2.21 times, while individual basal cells were detected simultaneously with superficial and intermediate cells (0.75 ± 0.48). In smears obtained from animals of the third group of cows, there was a significant decrease in the number of coccobacillary microorganisms to 75-360 in one visual field in comparison with similar results in the group with a clinically pronounced form of chronic endometritis. The indicator for segmented neutrophils was 8.05 times higher than in clinically healthy cows, while in relation to clinically sick cows by 61.4% and amounted to 18.60 ± 2.23. In terms of the number of superficial, vacuolated intermediate and basal cells in sick animals with chronic clinically pronounced endometritis and latent endometritis, no significant changes were revealed (1.08 times), while in relation to clinically healthy animals, these indicators were 2.38 times higher. The degree of variation in the number of epithelial cells in the group of cows with latent chronic endometritis was insignificant, which indicates the stability of the trait.

Conclusion. Ultrasound scanning allows you to identify the latent form of endometritis and establish degenerative changes in the tissues of the uterus. Ultrasound examination in cows in establishing a diagnosis - endometritis should be the decisive diagnostic method.