Purpose: to establish the productive action of the larvae of the flies of black lion's (Hermetia Illucens L.) when fed to the Cobb 500 crossbreaks as part of complete compound feeds.

Materials and methods. In each series of experiments, 4 experimental groups of chickens of Cross "Cobb 500", 40 goals in the group were formed. An experimental bird was grown in conditions of cellular content of 2 tiers, where the parameters of microclimate and water supply were regulated automatically. The methodology and conditions of experiments were carried out according to the requirements of the methodological recommendations of the scientists of the Netip (2013). The larva entry rate was set at the rate of 3 %, 5 % and 8 % of the mass of compound feed. Poultry feeding was carried out by full-time compound feeds according to the recommended daily feeding standards for cross-country, so in the first 30 days they fed PK-5 compound feed, then from 31 days of life to the face of the feed-PK-6. The nutritional value of the PC -5 compound feed, which we used at the beginning of growing (1-30 days of experience) was per 100 g of product: OE - 1.318 MJ/315 kcal, raw protein - 24.3%, raw fiber - 3.6% and Raw fat - 5.54% on St. The nourishing of the final feed PC-6, respectively, was: 1.318 MJ/315 kcal of OE, 20.9% raw protein, 4.1% raw fiber and 5.2% fat.

Results. According to laboratory analysis, it was found that the average water content in the larvae during the development period was from 62.9 to 64.5 %, while with age its concentration in the insect was slightly reduced. The same trend was traced with the content of raw fat. The concentration of protein in the larvae remained relatively constant at 38.8-39.9 % per dry mass (cm) regardless of the age of their development. The calorie content on average was 290 kcal of exchange energy (OE) in 100 grams of dry mass of larvae. According to the results of the experiments, the best effect was obtained when the larvae in the composition of the full compound feed in the amount of 3 % of the mass during the entire growing period. The live weight of the chickens of this experimental group exceeded control by 197 grams, and broilers that consumed 5 % of the larvae ahead of them by 172 grams. Moreover, the average daily growths of chickens in a group that consumed 3 % of the larvae of the flush of black lioness were 6.05 % higher than the group than the main diet. Accounting for feed costs and their residues for the growth of an experimental bird made it possible to establish that the greatest effect was obtained when feeding the larva. The cost of feeding for 1 kg of growth differed by 5.18-6.16 % of control. At the same time, the chickens were fed in the amount of 3 and 8 %, the indicators were almost equal.

Conclusion. The organoleptic assessment of meat samples showed that the studied characteristics of the control and experimental groups did not differ significantly, which emphasizes the lack of negative effects of the larva on the quality of the meat of the chickens. It has been established that the most effective dose of feeding the larva is 3 % of the mass of full -time compound feed during the entire period of cultivation. The use of black lion's larvae in the specified dosage helps to reduce feed costs by 6.2% and does not worsen the quality indicators of the products produced, and also provides a positive effect on the energy of the COBB 500 cross - sized growth of about 6.0 %.

Purpose: studying inheritance of the type of behavioral reaction in farm sables.

Materials and methods. To determine the nature of the behavior of animals, the reaction of animals to the presentation of an external stimulus (“test on a stick”) was evaluated. According to the results of testing sables, one of the three categories was attributed to one of the three categories: calm (friendly, coming to contact with a person), avoiding contact (cowardly, not responding to the subject) and aggressive (evil, negative reaction to humans). The following designations were used to differentiate animals: “0”-avoiding contact, “+”-calm and “- ”-aggressive. The results of reproduction of 925 heads of the main herd are taken into account. Analyzed 9 types of selection of steam (3 homogeneous and 6 heterogeneous) actually formed during the rut. 2290 puppies obtained at these types of selection were tested.

Results. It has been established that with all 9 options for selecting steam in the offspring, puppies prevail with an assessment of “avoiding contact”: from 60.0 to 80.0%. The analysis of the type of puppy behavior was shown by the absence of clear laws inheritance of behavioral reactions in sables. The type of behavior, the “avoidance of contact” with a person prevailing in this type (60.4% in adult livestock and 72.3% in young animals), the descendants of the characteristics of the behavior of parents with all options for selecting pairs.

Purpose: checking the assimilation of beta-carotene from a nanostructured globe and the influence of nanostructured beta-carotene 10% on productivity and organoleptic qualities of products.

Materials and methods. Experience was conducted on the basis of the Russian Pularka farm "Russian Pularia" of the Leningrad Region. 2 groups of the quail of meat - the egg direction of the Estonian breed were formed for 10 goals at the age of 50 days - the beginning of egg production. All groups of quails were contained in the same conditions, all the parameters of the microclimate in the premises, the front of feeding and post corresponded to the recommended standards. Egg productivity was evaluated in accordance with GOST 27583- 88 in the context of groups: the mass and number of eggs were determined by loafer; Color of the yolk on the Rosh scale; The content of vitamin A and beta-carotene in the yolk. The experience included three stages: 1^st day-the implementation of landing quail quails; 2-10 days - the adaptation of the bird to new conditions of content; 11-20 days - directly the accounting period of experience. Feeding the control group was carried out by standard compound feed PC 1-1 of the production of the Gatchinsk compound factory. For an experimental group, a mixture of feed PC 1-1 was prepared with the addition of nanostructured beta-carotene 10%. 1 group (control) - PC 1-1 food at the rate of 30 g/head. Group 2 (experimental)-PC 1-1 food at the rate of 30 g/head + 36 mg of nanostructured beta-carotene 10% (at the rate of 150 mg/kg of poultry mass). The number and weight of the eggs of each group was fixed daily in the journal. Eggs of the experimental and control groups were stored separately.

Results. IResults. The fodder forms of beta-carotene are not economically impractical, especially with industrial breeding of a bird. In our work, we studied the introduction of a polymer complex of a nanostructured form of B-carotene into the production of a polymer complex, which is unique. It forms complex emulsions with fat -soluble vitamins, which can be considered as a nano. The studies have shown that the intensity of the color of the yolks of the eggs of the experimental group was significantly higher than this indicator of the control group, which shows the bio-converters of the β-carotene in the yolk of the egg. At the same time, the masses of eggs in the experimental group were higher, but this excess was small.

Purpose: to obtain data and analysis of the biological functions of the cartridges of the Candidates of the meat productivity of the cattle of the Kazakh white-headed and Aulicol breed, identified using the Geneseek GGP BOVINE 150K biochip, with an average coating density of 150,000 SNP (“Illumina Inc.”, USA).

The article presents the results of assessing the biological functions of breed-specific SNPs that mark increased meat productivity in cattle of the Kazakh white-headed and Auliekol breeds. Using the GeneSeek GGP Bovine 150K biochip, with an average coverage density of 150,000 SNPs (Illumina Inc., USA), breed-specific regions were found on chromosomes 5, 6, and 14 for the Kazakh white-headed and Auliekol breeds.

In cattle of the Kazakh white-headed breed, 4 genotypes were found, marking increased and 2 genotypes, marking reduced meat productivity in calves at the age of 12 months. The Auliekol breed has 2 genotypes, marking increased and 2 genotypes, marking reduced meat productivity in calves at the age of 12 months. In cattle of the Auliekol breed, 2 breed-specific markers of increased and 2 markers of reduced live weight of calves at the age of 12 months were found.

In both breeds, the protein-coding genes of the breed-specific regions of the genome are mostly involved in cellular biological processes, metabolic pathways, and mechanisms of biological regulation. Their share in the Kazakh white-headed is 24.7, 14.3 and 13.0%, and in the Auliekol 26.6, 21.3 and 16.0 %, respectively.

Among the established genetic markers in both breeds, the involvement in the regulation of the trait of live weight of calves at the age of 12 months of gene networks of cellular processes, genes of biological regulation, genes of metabolic processes remains unchanged. Their share in the Kazakh white-headed and Auliekol breeds is 22.2 and 25.0%, 22.2 and 25.0 % and 11.1 and 25.0 %, respectively.

Also, stimulation recognition genes have a marking effect on the live weight trait. Their share among the genes localized in the breed-specific area is minimal - 9.1 and 8.2% - and among the marker genes it reaches 22.2 and 12.5% for the Kazakh white-headed and Auliekol breeds, respectively.

Purpose: Comprehensive monitoring of bull-and-pystroy bull-producers of the Yenisei type with different blood and hormonal indicators of blood serum on the day of the seed.

Materials and methods. The work was carried out on the manufacturers of the Red-Pesostroy of the Yenisei type in the amount of 12 heads, at the age of 19-31 months. We studied a protein-lipid, mineral metabolism, vitamin-farmenting state and the level of endogenous hormones: testosterone, estradiol, cortisol, thyroxine in blood serum on the day of capture for 20-30 minutes after the sequence is completed.

Results. It was found that protein-lipid metabolism in all bulls, regardless of their bloodiness on average (M+M) is within the normative range. However, there is a 15% bilirubin difference between the groups, the urea is 19% and the PBX by 14%, the difference in cholesterol is 24.6% (p≤0.05). In alkaline phosphatase, the difference between the groups turned out to be reliable at p≤0.05, this contributed to a change in the ratio between CA: P by 36%. There are a reliable difference at the level of p≤0.05 by thyroxine groups. The difference between estradiol groups was 19%, and 9.5%in cortisol. The content of testosterone in both groups was noted at 17.0 mmol/ l. It is proposed to introduce one hundred percent universal and strictly observed system of planned biochemical and hormonal control at least 2 times a year.

Purpose: Ihe research was conducted to study the functional reserves of the testosterone-synthesizing system of heifers at the 6th month of pregnancy.

Materials and methods. The response of the testosterone-synthesizing system of heifers of different breeds to stimulation with chorionic gonadotropin was studied. For the experiment, three breeds of heifers were used (Holstein black-and-white, Simmental and Aberdeen-Angus) and crossbred heifers obtained from crossing the Simmental and Aberdeen-Angus breeds. They were formed into 4 groups of 10 heads in each group by breed and had the same pregnancy period. To assess the functional reserves of the testosterone-synthesizing system, chorionic gonadotropin HCG was injected intramuscularly at a dose of 3-4 thousand m.e. depending on the live weight of the animal at the 6th month of pregnancy. HCG was administered to the heifers three times with an interval of 72 hours. Blood for the determination of testosterone levels was taken before the administration of HCG and 2.12.24, 48 and 72 hours after each administration.

Results. It has been established that Aberdeen-Angus breed heifers and crossbred animals that have a higher activity index of the testosterone-synthesizing system have higher functional reserves of the testosterone-synthesizing system in relation to non-heifers of Holstein black-and-white and Simmental breeds. After triple stimulation, the testosterone concentration in black-and-white heifers increased 2.3 times, and in Simmental 2.6 times, in Aberdeen-Angus and crossbreeds 2.9 times.The calculation of the activity index of the testosterone-synthesizing system in black—and—white heifers was 1.3, in the Simmental breed 1.59, Aberdeen-Angus - 1.91, in crossbreeds - 1.92. Conclusion. Thus, the functional loads carried out showed that the higher functional reserves of the testosterone- synthesizing system were possessed by heifers belonging to the Aberdeen-Angus breed and crossbreeds (Aberdeen-Angus x Simmental), which have a higher index of activity of the testosterone-synthesizing system in relation to the heifers of the black-and-white and Simmental breeds.

Purpose: the research was conducted to study the content of contaminants - arsenic As, cadmium Cd, copper Si, lead Pb, zinc Zn, in the body of sheep with different bioelectric activity of superficially localized biologically active centers and to study the meat productivity of experimental sheep.

Materials and methods. Research was conducted at the number of sheep of the Romanov breed. As a result of the examination of the lamb, autumn oster, Romanovsky breed, 6 - 6.5 months of age, two experimental groups are formed by the level of biopotentials - high and low (control), seven heads in each. Based on the metamer and structural organization of centers, the segmental theory of the relationship of nervous centers with various organs and systems of the animal organism, superficially localized biologically active centers (plubs) of young sheep, located in the areas of the greatest number of plexus of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The dimension of the bioelectric potential Plbats was carried out in the morning (before feeding) for 3 days in a row using the ELAP device. Topographic search and measurement of bioelectric potential. At the end of the procedures for measuring the level of bioelectric potential in the Plbats, three heads of experienced animals from each group were slaughtered, on the basis of control slaughter, the quantitative characteristics of meat productivity were studied, and then they selected samples of organs and tissues for further research. On the day of slaughter, selected samples (liver, the longest back muscle and femoral bone) were transferred to the laboratory to determine the content of arsenic AS, cadmium CD, PB lead, and zinc zn on an atomic-emission spectrometer with an inductive ICAP 6300 Duo plasma .

Results. The amount of contaminants in liver samples, the longest back muscle and femur bones of Romanov sheep aged 6-6.5 months with different levels of bioelectric potential of superficially localized biologically active centers was studied. In experiments, it was found that in animals with a higher concentration of heavy metals and arsenic in the organs, the average bioelectric potential of the centers is significantly higher than in animals with a low average bioelectric potential of the centers. The highest concentrations of contaminants were recorded in the bone tissue of animals with a lower bioelectric potential of centers that significantly differed in this indicator from sheep with a higher average bioelectric potential. As a result of the conducted studies, an inverse correlation was established between the average level of bioelectric potential of superficially localized biologically active centers and the content of contaminants in the body of Romanov sheep raised in the Livensky district of the Oryol region.

Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to develop an inexpensive method for rapid assessment of the degree of accumulation of contaminants in the body of sheep at an early age, and timely take measures to adjust the concentration of contaminants in slaughter products.

Purpose: selection of anticoagulants based on EDTA-Na₂ and methods of their use for working with the hemolymph of the Australian red claw crayfish (C. quadricarinatus)

Materials and methods. For the study, different-sized males and females of the australian red-clawed crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868)) were used. EDTA-Na₂ was used as an anticoagulant, the concentrationof which was 4%. A 2 ml syringe with a 23G needle for hemolymph removal was pre-washed with anticoagulant remaining in the needle and the needle cone (about 1/3 of the volume of the needle cone was filled with a solution). The experiment is presented in the following series: 1. differences between the total hemocytes number (THC) and the proportion of granulocytes in native hemolymph and treated with a small amount of EDTA-Na₂; 2. differences in the content of total hemolymph protein (THP) in native and treated with a small amount of EDTA-Na₂ hemolymph; 3. changes in THC and the proportion of granulocytes in hemolymph treated with a small amount the amount of EDTA-Na₂ immediately after sampling and a day later. To carry out the work, samples of 20 individuals were used, while for the first two series, two samples of hemolymph were taken from each, and one from the third. Syringes with hemolymph treated with anticoagulant were stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of 8.5 °C. Additionally, similar studies were carried out on differences in the THC and proportion of granulocytes in the hemolymph immediately after sampling with treatment with a multicomponent anticoagulant consisting of 4 g of EDTA-Na₂, 3 g of sodium citrate, 2 g of glucose and 1 g of NaCl per 100 ml of distilled water. Hemolymph was taken with a syringe from the ventral sinus. Three indicators were determined: the total number of hemocytes (THC), the proportion of granulocytes and the total protein content (THC). THC and proportion of granulocytes was determined in the Goryaev chamber under a light microscope. THP was determined by the refractometric method.

Results. The study revealed significant differences in the proportion of granulocytes (p<0.05), which are 32% more in the anticoagulant treated than in the native hemolymph, which can be explained by the uniform distribution of all types of hemocytes in the sample. There were no significant differences in the remaining indicators of all series. Studies of hemolymph treated with a multicomponent anticoagulant showed a low level of hemocyte preservation (p<0.05) and the proportion of granulocytes compared to the indicators immediately after selection, therefore, they are not reflected in the work. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that there is a possibility of using four percent EDTA-Na₂ when working with hemolymph. The anticoagulant prevents the formation of gel and the rapid destruction of hemocytes, promotes the uniform distribution of cells in the Goryaev chamber and allows the use of a refractometer in determining the total blood protein. The use of an anticoagulant contributes to the preservation of hemocytes during the day, at a level that allows the use of EDTA-Na₂ in practice. At the same time, work should continue on the development of methods for storing and transporting blood treated with an anticoagulant.

Purpose: to study ischemic depolarization in focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

Materials and methods. We conducted simulations of focal cerebral ischemia in 30 rats. The animals were divided into three groups: 1) normothermia (n = 10), 2) hypothermia (n = 10), 3) hyperthermia (n = 10). We identified a statistically significant correlation between the animal's body temperature and the number of episodes of depolarization. (r = 0,87, p<0,001). The average number of DC potential deviations in animals with hyperthermia was statistically significantly higher than in animals with normothermia. (p<0,05).

Results. Tissue damage as a result of focal cerebral ischemia correlates with body temperature fluctuations. A decrease in body temperature in focal cerebral ischemia leads to a decrease in the size of the ischemia zone, and as a result of a cerebral infarction, and vice versa, a slight increase in body temperature leads to an increase in the area of cerebral infarction.

Conclusion. On tissue, temperature fluctuations have physiological and biochemical effects, a statistically significant correlation between episodes of depolarization in cerebral ischemia and the percentage of brain damage after ischemia are not always in a cause-and-effect relationship.

Purpose: The growth processes of Holsteinized black-motley breed heifers during rearing as well as correlation relations of live weight with morphobiochemical blood parameters have been evaluated.

Materials and methods. The studies are performed on healthy chicks of the golstinized black and qualifier of the breed (blood blood is more than 90 %). When forming an experimental group (n = 10) from clinically healthy animals at 1 month age, the principle of close analogues was used. To assess the morpho-bio-chemical status, with individual weighing of the heifers, blood samples were taken 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 13 months of age, which were used to determine morphological indicators (erythrogram, leukogram) and biochemical STGs, IPR1, general protein, albumin, albumin, albumin. Urea, activity Alat and Asat. Additionally calculated: the number of globulins (GL), the alb/GL ratio, il, alb/urea, GL/urea, STG/IFR-1, the lady of the de Ritis coefficient (Asat/Alat). To assess the intensity of the growth of the heifers, they were monthly weighed in individual machines, which made it possible to determine the average body weight (kg) and the average daily body weight (G). For statistical analysis, the Versia program was used. The values of p <0.05 were used to indicate the significance of the differences between the signs. The relationship between the sub-signs was revealed by calculating the values of the correlation coefficients on the Spearman.

Results. The blood samples of the heifers chosen for the experimental group (n=10) were taken at the ages of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 13 months and body weight was determined every month. It was found that the body weight increases to 353,55±1,68 kg by the age of 13 months, and the highest average daily weight gain corresponds to the vegetative period of feeding. The morphophysiological composition of the blood of heifers is determined by age. Changes in the erythrogram are associated with an increase in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit by 29,28; 30,58; 27,87 % (p≤0,05), determining the morphological features of red cells. In the blood of heifers, the number of leukocytes would increase by 28.06 % (p≤0.05) by increasing the percentage of eosinophils, segmented neutrophils and monocytes by 45.31; 5.70 and 50.00 % (p≤0.05) and reducing lymphocytes and stab neutrophils by 5.69 and 43.39 % (p≤0.05). Protein metabolism has an anabolic orientation, as evidenced by an increase in the concentration of total protein, albumin and globulin by 13.11; 39.44 and 4.07 % (p≤0.05),ALAT and AsAT activity by 4.00 and 2.54 times (p≤0.05) against a decrease in urea levels by 26.57 % (p≤0.05). Protein anabolism is associated with regulatory effects of growth hormones, the concentration of which changes reciprocally: STH decreases by 54.32 % and IGF-1 increases by 32.07 times (p≤0.05). Body weight correlated statistically significantly with serum albumin (r=0.70±0.25 to 0.87±0.17), urea (r=-0.72±0.23 to -0.93±0.13), AsAT activity (r=0.53±0.30 to 0.65±0.27) and IGF-1 concentration (r=0.55±32 to 0.79±0.22).

Purpose: study the biological value of proteins in the meat of Reindeer of the Chukchi breed.

Materials and methods. The object of research is the meat of the northern deer bred in the Chukotsk AO. The content and maintenance of animals was carried out in accordance with the current production regulations. The northern deer are year -round in the tundra and forest -tundra pastures without additional feeding. For the study, deer older than 2 years, unsuitable for further use for economic purposes and chosen for the implementation for meat, were selected. The slaughter was carried out in places of grazing deer in March 2021. After cutting, the carcasses were frozen and stored at a temperature of not higher than 18 ° C. The sampling of the longest back muscles (M. Longissimus Dorsi) was carried out at the level of 9-12 ribs, in total, samples were taken in the amount of 52 pcs. The identification of animal protein amino acids was carried out in accordance with GOST 34132-2017.

Results. In terms of the number of essential amino acids, Olenin surpasses beef in 6 positions out of 8. Including isolacin (114.2 %), leucine (111.4 %), methionine (133.9 %), phenylanin (108.6 %), Alanin (101.2 %), Arginine (120.1 %). Compared to lamb and pork, deer meat contains more valine, isolacin, leucine, lysine, methionine and phenylalanine. The coefficient of variability of essential amino acids varies between 7.87 ... 13.42 % with an average value of 9.8 %. Such a degree of variability of the sign can provide an acceptable level of breeding selection in terms of quantitative content of amino acids in the protein of deer meat. In the studied sample, the largest concentration of essential amino acids found leucine (1.647 g/100 g) and lysine (1.427 g), and the smallest - trionine (0.680 g). Among the replaced amino acids, the most significant concentration was detected in glutamine - 2.475 g/100 g, and the smallest - cysteine - 0.146 g/100 g of meat. The amount of essential amino acids amounted to 8.977 g/100 g, replaced - 7.72 g/100 g, the total amount - 16.697 g/100 g of meat. The amino acid score of each individual indispensable amino acid of meat varies from 118 to 242, phenylalanine is a limiting amino acid. The amount of essential amino acids of meat of meat as a percentage of the reference value is 148%.

Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to state that the meat of the northern deer of the Chukotka breed is a biologically valuable food product that is not inferior to the best varieties of beef, lamb and pork. Olenina can successfully serve as an addition to meat products received from agricultural animals in the meat balance, especially the Arctic and subarctic territories of Russia.

Purpose. The association of protein metabolism in the body of Holsteinized Black-and-White heifers with age and the amount of metals circulating in the blood was studied.

Materials and methods. An experienced group of clinically healthy chicks (n = 20) with a golstinized black and qualifier breed (blood content 75%) is formed on the principle of close analogues [2]. The diet of animal feeding was regulated by VIZh, provided with feeds of its own production, of which the permissible level of nickel and copper was exceeded 1.30-1.50 times. Blood samples were received from the jugular vein using vacuum systems, in the morning before feeding. They were used to determine: 1) the amount of heavy metals using the atomic - aborbion spectrometer quantum -2a (Russia); 2) the concentration of protein amenders: total protein, albumin (ALB), urea, activity of Alat and Asat using ready-made sets of the Vector Best (Novosibirsk). The calculation method determines the content of globulins (GL), the protein coefficient (alb/GL, the concorine), the value of the coefficient of de Ritis (asat/alat, the concorine), the value of the total protein/urea (conc. ), Alb/urea (settlement unit) and GL/urea (settlement unit).

Results. It was revealed that the age of 9 months is “critical”, since the level of nickel and lead intake into the animal organism reaches the lower limit of the regional reference interval, increasing the volume of catabolic reactions. Therefore, in the blood of heifers, compared with 3 months of age, the level of total protein, albumin, activity of AST and ALT decreases by 8.41; 21.71; 39.76 and 8.10 %, but the concentration of urea increases by 2.88 times due to the predominant breakdown of albumins (the Alb/Urea ratio decreases by 3.68 times). Starting from the age of 9 months, the volume of “catabolic processes” in the body of heifers decreases, which determines an increase in the blood concentration of total protein, albumin, globulins and ALT activity by 29.71; 69.65; 10.73 and 16.12% and a decrease in urea by 1.86 times. At the same time, the concentration of metals, especially nickel and lead, in the blood of heifers reaches the level at which they begin to significantly affect protein metabolism, as evidenced by correlations with the amount of albumin (r(Alb-Ni)=0.63-0.78; r(Alb-Pb)=0.58- 0.81), globulins (r(Gl-Ni)= 0.53-0.75; r(Gl-Pb)= -0.57--0, 85) and ALT activity (r(AlAT-Ni)=0.54-0.76; r(AlAT-Pb)=0.56- 0.66). According to the number of statistically significant or close correlations, metals are arranged in the following order: Ni > Pb > Cu > Cd, which reflects the level of their accumulation in the animal body and the impact on protein metabolism.

Purpose: to study the influence of the Bezernary diet on the parameters of growth and development of foalsfrom leaving to 1.5 years.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was the young of the Oryol trotter. After leaning, two groups of 5 goals were formed in each. The concentrate part of the diet of the foals from the control group consisted of compound feeds based on micronized grain and balancing feed additive. The experimental group as concentrated food received granular beze -free compound feed and balancing feed additive. The beginning of the experience corresponded to the time of leaving the foals, when they reached the age of 6 months. Control points of accounting of growth and development indicators, as well as biochemical blood test - after 3 (I), 6 (II) and 9 (III) months after the start of the accounting period. Blood was taken from the jugular vein in front of the morning feeding. The concentration was determined: common protein, albumin, globulin, urea, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, glucose, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chlorides, iron, triglycerides, lipases. To control the growth parameters, they measured: the height at the withers, the slanting of the body, the gaping of the chest behind the shoulder blades, the girth of the heel, the width of the chest in the shoulder-lobe joints, the width in macloki. The indicators of absolute and relative growth in terms of measures for each accounting period were calculated.

Results. According to the results of the 1st period, in the animals of the experimental group in comparison with the control, a reliable increase in the concentration of magnesium was revealed. At the end of the II period in the experimental group, the indicators of magnesium and albumins were significantly higher, and cholesterol and gamma-globulin are lower than in the control group at the end of the 3rd period in the control group the levels of cholesterol, iron and thyroxine were significantly higher. At the same time, in the experimental group, the concentration of cholesterol was lower than the boundary of the reference value for adult animals. In the same period, reliable differences were recorded by indicators of absolute and relative growth, which in animals of the control group turned out to be significantly higher. In the same group, the indicators of the measure of the oblique length of the body and the width of the chest in the shoulder-lobe joints were reliably lower.

Purpose: quantitative assessment of the cell composition of the blood of the heifers of the Holstein breed and the study of the relationship between it and the level of steroid hormones - cortisol and progesterone.

Materials and methods. The work was carried out in 2020-2021 on the basis of Belagash LLP (Republic of Kazakhstan), which specializes in the production of milk by using the productive potential of the Golstein breed. The diets of animal feeding were in accordance with the norms of VIZH. Heifers born in the spring of 2020 were included in the experimental group (n = 10). In its formation, the principle of close analogues was used. In the heifers of an experimental group of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 months, blood samples were obtained by a vacuum method for conducting morphological and biochemical studies. The level of progesterone and cortisol was determined in the blood serum by the immunofortment method.

Results. The total number of leukocytes in the blood of animals changed in the interval of 9.57-12.00 109/l, corresponding to the boundaries of the norm; The level of monocytes and lymphocytes fluctuated in the range of 3.33-7.80 and 58.93-75.01 %, amounting to 0.40-0.81 and 5.64-9.00 109/l. The number of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit by 15 months increased by 36.33; 12.93 and 40.18 %. At the same time, the volumetric characteristics of red blood cells (the average volume of red blood cells, the red blood cell distribution index almost did not depend on age, but their saturation with hemoglobin (the average hemoglobin content in red blood cells, the average concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells) decreased. The level of steroid hormones – progesterone and cortisol in the blood of heifers increased with age in 46.06 and 8.24 times (p≤0.05). At the sametime, the concentration of cortisol statistically significantly correlated with the amount of red blood cells (r=0.71 - 0.95), the size of the red blood cell distribution index in volume (r = 0.74 - 0.98) and the absolute number of lymphocytes (Rr= 0.71 - 0.99). The level of progesterone, starting from 9 months of age, was interconnected with the total number of leukocytes (r = -0.63 --0.88), an absolute number of monocytes (r = 0.69 -0.89) and lymphocytes (r = -0.65 – -0.87), as well as red blood cells (r= 0.82 -0.93) and hemoglobin (r = 0.63 -0.73).

Purpose: development of new cell engineering in poultry farming

Materials and methods. The following breeds of chickens were selected for research: Russian White, Minorca, Light Brahma and Fawn Brahma in comparison with the interspecific chimera of Japanese quail and Beijing duck. All chimeras were obtained by transplantation in the latter case of primary germ cells, in other breeds of blastodermal cells into the sub-embryonic region of recipient embryos. All embryonic cells before transplantation were cultivated for two days in special culture media supplemented with fetal cow serum and antibiotics. Chimeras were identified by the presence of contrasting feathers, unusual for this breed.

Results. Unlike mammals, birds have a completely different embryonic development, which requires the development of new developments in cell biology to obtain chimeric birds. There are intrabreed chimeras and interspecies, obtained from organisms of different species. As an example of an interspecific chimera, a chimera of a Japanese quail and a Peking duck with a chimeric phenotype of black feathers on the neck is presented. Primary germ cells of Japanese quail served as donors. We obtained interbreeding chimeras of light and yellow brahma, when the donors were blastodermal cells of the light brahma, and the recipients were early embryos of the fawn brahma. Another variant of chimeras were chimeras between the breeds Russian White (donor blastodermal cells) and Minorca (embryo recipient).

Conclusion. The observed sharp decline in the number of bird breeds requires new approaches to their conservation and the creation of new genetic organisms. With the help of modern developments in cell biology, it has become possible to create a new strategy for obtaining chimeric birds. The use of pluripotent embryonic cells has led to the creation of interbreed and interspecies bird chimeras.

Purpose: This work is based on a study of the features of keeping young cattle (organization of livestock placement, feeding regimen, veterinary manipulations) in a breeding plant in the Leningrad Region, assessing these features and identifying their impact on the state of the livestock and animal productivity.

2000 heads of cattle, of which 915 are part of the dairy herd with average daily milk yield per cow - 19-20 kg (when cows are milked 2 times a day, freshly calved - 3 times) and the mass fraction of fat is 3.7%. After birth, calves are kept in a dispensary for up to 20 days, tied at a distance of 1.5-2 m from each other. After 20 days, the calves are transferred to group cages, 7 heads each, with a gradual change in feeding regimen. After 25 days, they are transferred to the calf house. The most common diseases in young animals are bronchopneumonia, pulmonary enphysema and dyspepsia. To prevent the development of infectious diseases in calves, vaccination is carried out from the age of 14 days. Against parainfluenza-3 and pasteurellosis vaccines Bovilis IBR (live labeled vaccine for specific prophylaxis against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) and Bovilis Bovipast RSP vaccine (inactivated vaccine against parainfluenza-3 , respiratory syncytial infection and pasteurellosis of cattle) are used at a dose of 5 ml subcutaneously. At the age of three weeks, calves are vaccinated against salmonellosis (paratyphoid) and parainfluenza (again - after 10 days). After 2 weeks, calves are vaccinated against leptospirosis (repeat - after six months). From the age of two months they are vaccinated against tuberculosis. From the age of three months - against brucellosis, anthrax (revaccination after six months), depriving and rabies. At 3 months, the first deworming is carried out. Vaccination can increase the survival rate of young animals up to 97%. The ongoing activities are the main ones for the further use of breeding and commercial animals, the realization of their genetic potential and the production of high-quality products.

Purpose: Analysis of literary sources about the influence of zeolites on oxidative stress and the immune system of a living organism.

Over the past two decades, many substances of natural or synthetic origin have been studied as potential alternatives to antibiotics - growth stimulants, and some of them, especially immunomodulators and nutricatics, have shown the ability to stimulate the function of the immune system and improve the general state of health. At the same time, it was shown that they are harmless to animals and the environment. The promising results,were obtained with natural clay minerals - zeolites, most famous as zootechnical and biomedical food.,The review presents a brief description of some links in the oxidative stress mechanism. The effect of the,additives of zeolites on a decrease in the total number of lipids and LDL (low density lipoproteins) is indicated,,which can also be indirectly associated with its general antioxidant effect.,The exact mechanisms of the action of zeolites on the systemic restoration of homeostasis and the increase,in antioxidant ability have not yet been fully studied. There is also evidence that Zeolites have antibacterial and,antiviral effects. These effects are most likely associated both with the general detoxification effects occurring,in the intestines, and with immunomodulating influences or even with the release of physiologically significant,cations from the zeolite frame during the Ion exchange process. Similar indirect effects of zeolite on antioxidant,mechanisms in the body were also observed with various pathologies and models of diseases.

Purpose: to clarify the possibility of pregnancy in dogs with blood progesterone levels above 20 ng/ml.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the period from January 2018 to May 2022. The study involved 25 females of various breeds aged from 1.5 to 8 years. The progesterone level of peripheral blood was analyzed, taken into vacuum tubes using a butterfly needle with a size from 20G to 23G, the size of the needle section was selected depending on the thickness of the anterior subcutaneous vein of the forearm, from which samples were taken. Blood sampling for progesterone is performed immediately before insemination. Samples were sent to the veterinary laboratories of NVL Poisk (St. Petersburg) and Vetdiagnostic (St. Petersburg). The study was performed by immunochemiluminescence analysis (IHLA) on an IMMULITE 2000 XPi analyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics). The number of female litter was taken into account during insemination at a progesterone level of more than 20 ng/ml.

Results. Four bitches out of 25 participating in the study were successfully inseminated once at a progesterone level in peripheral blood ≥ 21 ng/ml. 3 bitches out of 25 did not get pregnant for unknown reasons, 18 bitches were in the study area 15-20 ng/ml and did not fit the specified sample parameters. A multiple pregnancy was recorded in a four-year-old German Shepherd with a single insemination at a progesterone level of 45 ng/ml, which is one of the highest recorded results for today.

Conclusion. When inseminating dogs at a progesterone level of 21-45 ng/ ml, multiple pregnancies may occur in dogs of various breeds aged from 1.5 to 8 years.