Thyroid hormones can affect the reproductive function of cows through the regulation of various metabolic pathways. The activity of the thyroid system is under the control of three types of deiodinases (DIO). In cattle, there are several genetic variants for the DIO1 and DIO3 genes, but there is no information on the polymorphism of the DIO2 gene.

Purpose: to conduct a search for genetic variants for SNPs in the DIO2 gene and in nearby regions and investigate their association with prepartum and postpartum thyroid profiles and reproductive performance in dairy cows.

Materials and methods. Black-and-white cows of calving 2-4 were used in the experiments. Before calving and after calving, blood was taken from the animals to determine the concentration of hormones by ELISA. The assessment of the luteal activity of the ovaries was performed on the basis of an ultrasound study and the content of progesterone in the blood. Genotyping was performed on 48 samples of cow DNA using a Bovine GGP 150K biochip.

Results. No SNPs present on the Bovine GGP 150K chip were found within the target gene. The SNP Bovine- HD1000026761, localized upstream of the DIO2 gene, was selected for research, with a frequency of genotypes being 45.83% (AA), 47.92% (AG), and 6.25% (GG). In cows with the AA and AG genotypes, a decrease of 1.4 times (p<0.01) in the blood concentration of total thyroxine (T4) 2 weeks before calving, compared with that for 4 weeks, and its further decrease by 1.5 -1.9 times (p<0.001-p<0.05) by the 1st week of lactation were found. From the 6th to the 2nd week before parturition, this indicator was 1.5–1.6 times higher (p<0.001–p<0.05) in individuals with the AG genotype than in ones with the AA genotype. In animals with the AG genotype, a decrease in the blood concentration of reverse T3 (1.4 times, p<0.05) between the 4th week before calving and the 1st week of lactation was revealed. At the same time, this concentration was relatively constant in the animals of the other two groups. Furthermore, in animals with the AG genotype, the content of rT3 in the blood was 1.3 times lower than in animals with the AA genotype from the 3rd to the 7th week of lactation. In cows with a heterozygous genotype, the T4/T3 ratio increased 2.1 times (p<0.001) between the 2nd week before calving and the 1st week after calving, and then decreased 2.2 times (p<0.001) to the 3rd week. After 1 week of lactation, this ratio was 1.9 times higher (p<0.001) than in animals with the AA genotype. Meanwhile, the frequency of occurrence of individuals with the shortest period of recovery of the ovarian function and open days period was the lowest in the group with the AA genotype.

Conclusions. The data obtained indicate that the SNP BovineHD1000026761, located upstream of the DIO2 gene, is associated with long-term changes in thyroid hormone levels in the prepartum and postpartum periods.

Purpose: study the correlations of STR-markers of DNA and amino acids of reindeer meat protein.

Materials and methods: Amino acid analysis was performed according to GOST 34132–2017 «Meat and meat products. Method for determining the amino acid composition of animal protein». When setting up multiplex PCR STR, primers and microsatellite DNA loci used for deer (Cervidae) were taken. The nomenclature of loci corresponds to the world standard.

Results. Information is provided on the quantitative content of amino acids in the protein of M. longissimus dorsi, on the size of amplicons, the association of amino acids and STR loci in a sample of Chukchi deer. The coefficient of variability of essential amino acids ranged from 7.9 to 11.8 %, which can provide an acceptable level of selection for this trait. Amino acids are associated with each other mainly statistically significantly, the degree of closeness of the relationship varies from medium to strong. Less closely correlated with other amino acids were methionine and proline. Most indicators of the relationship between microsatellite loci and amino acids turned out to be insignificant in magnitude, statistically unreliable and reverse in direction, which practically indicates the absence of a relationship between the traits. At the same time, a significant correlation of individual STR markers with amino acids was revealed. In particular, the NVHRT30 locus is associated with the essential amino acids VAL, LEU, ILE, THR with a coupling coefficient equal to: r₁ = -0.322; r₂ = -0.290; r₃ = -0.272 and r₄ = -0.437, respectively.

Conclusion. The data obtained fit into the framework of the well-known thesis about the localization of microsatellites mainly in the non-coding regions of the DNA molecule. However, they can also be located in promoter regions and have linkage with candidate genes of quantitative trait loci. It is necessary to continue research in the chosen direction on other populations of the range in order to accumulate more significant amounts of information.

Purpose: study the response possibilities of boar blood erythrocytes to the conditions of environmental and technological stress; to establish possible reference intervals for their morphological and functional parameters and to evaluate their effect on the leukocyte composition of the blood.

Materials and methods. At the first stage, all the Poltava meat breed main boars of the breeding herd were examined. In accordance with the possibilities of providing the oxygen budget of the organism, the boars were divided into two groups according to the principle of analogue pairs. The control group (I) consisted of boars, in which the indicators of erythrocyte number and hemoglobin corresponded to the reference values indicated in the literature. The experimental group (II) consisted of animals that were not included in the control group. All animals belonged to the “elite” and “first” classes and were clinically healthy. Ecological and technological factors acted as stressors. The following was determined in the blood: the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, leukocyte blood picture (formula). Calculated: hemoglobin index (color index), hemoglobin content in 1 erythrocyte (pg) (MCH). To characterize the stage of stress, we used the integral hematological index of the ratio of lymphocytes and neutrophils – the leukocyte index. The results obtained were processed statistically.

Results. The use of industrial production technology in the farm turned out to be stress-realizing for the boars of the main Poltava meat breed herd. Most of the examined boars of the herd (64.7±1.3 %) had, in these keeping conditions, in general, well-formed mechanisms for an adequate response of the adaptive potential, which manifested itself in maintaining the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood at the level of literary reference intervals. Under conditions of environmental and technological stress, with a probability of 95 %, the reference interval established by us in terms of the number of erythrocytes in the blood of boars in the control group was 5.63-7.12 x10¹² /l, in terms of the amount of hemoglobin in the blood - 100.54-115 .65 g/l. After the “selection of animals” according to the “physiological” indicators of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, the average values of erythrocyte indices in boars of the control group significantly decreased compared to the experimental group. In boars with a physiological level of provision of the oxygen budget of the body, the stress reaction took place without straining the functional capabilities of the body. A more stable, lower value of the volume index of neutrophils and lymphocytes variability level in the blood; a significantly higher, but not out of the literature reference intervals, content of monocytes and stab neutrophils in the blood was observed.

Conclusion. The action of environmental and technological factors in boars undoubtedly leads to the development of a stress reaction and causes changes in the composition of the blood, both in the erythrocyte and leukocyte links. At the same time, the level and direction of adaptive reactions depend on the possibilities of providing the oxygen budget of the organism.

Purpose: The study of the dynamics of insulin in the blood of growing heifers of different breeds.

Materials and methods. The object of the study were heifers of the Calledinized Black-Black-Avoid, Simumal, Aberdeine-Anga and brown heifers obtained as a result of the intersection of Simmental х Aberdine –angus rocks in each group. The study of animals was grown in the same conditions. Blood for the study of insulin was taken from the tail vein until morning feeding at birth, aged 3, 6, 12 and 15 months. Weighing experimental animals was also carried out at the indicated time.

Results. At birth, the golpinized black festival, simulars and place-codes in live weight significantly exceeded the peers of Aberdin-Angus. The differences in relation to Aberdin-Anguss were statistically reliable (p_ 0.05). At the age of 15, due to the black and qualified breed, statistically reliable differences at this age were noted in Aberdin Anges and Montflowers (P<0.05). Statistically reliable differences (P<0.05) were also noted between the five property and Simmental. The average daily growth of blacks and pollen from birth to 15 months was 875.7 g, in the Simmental 902.1 g, in Aberdina-Angus 911.7 g, for estates of 947.5 g. The level of bloodshed at birth was almost the same in all in all animal breeds. Thus, in black heels it was 7.4 ± 0.5, in Simmental-7.2 ± 4.4, in Aberdine-Angas-7.0 ± 4.8, in estates-7.2 ± 3.4 MKM/ml. By 3 months, the level of insulin increased in all experimental groups of heifers. In the future, with an increase in the age of the animals, the concentration of this hormone in the blood has not changed. At the age of the 3rd and 6-month age between the heifers of the simultaneous, Aberdin-Angus, animals, as well as breeds with black sand, a statistically reliable difference is established (P<0.05). In the future, under the age of 15 months, the concentration of insulin in the blood changes illegally, but it should be noted that a relatively low concentration during all growth periods was noted in the heifers of the black and qualifying department of the breed.

Any dysfunction of the thyroid gland causes abnormal changes in the functioning of the reproductive system, primarily the ovaries. Therefore, the question of the possible direct effect of thyroid hormones on the bovine ovarian function by modulating the functional state or functional activity of granulosa cells seems relevant

Purpose: to study in vitro the effect of thyroxine and triiodothyronine on the proliferative and steroidogenic activity, as well as apoptotic changes of bovine granulosa cells.

Materials and methods. Granulosa cells were isolated from follicles with a diameter of 1-5 mm and precultured for two days in a medium containing 10 % serum. The cells were then placed in serum-free medium containing thyroxine (25-200 ng/mL) or triiodothyronine (0.5-4.0 ng/mL) and incubated for another 48 h. After culturing, the content of estradiol-17β and progesterone in the media was determined by ELISA. The proliferative activity and apoptotic changes in the cells were assessed by immunocytochemical assay, based on the expression level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCNA and pro-apoptotic protein Bax, respectively.

Results. It was found that the proportion of cells with a positive reaction to PCNA increased 1.1 times (P<0.01) compared with that in the control at a triiodothyronine concentration of 1 ng/ml and did not change with its further increase to 4 ng/ml. In addition, the introduction of triiodothyronine at a concentration of 1 ng/ml into the medium led to a decrease in the relative number of Bax-positive cells from 25.6 ± 0.3% to 23.3 ± 0.6 % (P<0.01). A further increase in this concentration to 4 ng/ml enhanced the observed anti-apoptotic effect 1.1 times (P<0.05). The pattern of the effect of thyroxine on the proliferative activity and apoptotic changes of granulosa cells in culture was similar to that for triiodothyronine. Concurrently, the growth-stimulating and anti-apoptotic effects of thyroxine were achieved at a concentration of 50-200 ng/ml. At the same time, both thyroid hormones did not affect the secretion of estradiol-17β or progesterone by the cells.

Conclusions. Thus, thyroxine and triiodothyronine can stimulate in vitro the proliferation of bovine granulosa cells, as well as inhibit the expression of the proapoptotic Bax protein in these cells, which is not associated with the regulation of the production of ovarian steroid hormones. Overall, these data suggest that thyroid hormones at physiological concentrations are able to exert a regulatory effect on the growth and atresia of bovine small antral follicles and, therefore, directly modulate the ovarian activity.

Purpose: to investigate the phenotype of adaptive immunity cells in the spleen and bone marrow of lactating mice.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on lactating mice. For the experiment, the spleen and bone marrow were taken from animals. A suspension of individual splenocytes was prepared by grinding the spleen. Bone marrow was obtained by rinsing the medullary cavity with a syringe with 1–2 ml of a balanced salt solution. The phenotype of adaptive immunity cells was determined using a set of fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies: CD4-PerCP-Cy5.5, CD8-PE/Cy7, CD62L-APC/Cy7, CD44-BV510 (Biolegend, USA), in the presence of True Stain reagent containing antibodies to CD16/CD32 (Biolegend, USA) to block nonspecific antibody binding. Data collection was carried out on a CytoFlex flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA). The results were analyzed using the Kaluza Analysis 2.1 program (Beckman Coulter, USA).

Results. As a result of the study, it was found that there are 2.2 times more CD8⁺ T-cells of effector (T_EM) and central memory (TCM) in the red bone marrow, while all subpopulations of CD4⁺ T-memory cells (T_CM; T_EM; T_NV) predominate in the spleen . The content of the subpopulation of CD8⁺ T-cells of naive memory (T_NV) in the bone marrow and spleen was almost the same and amounted to 52.57±1.58 % and 57.40±2.63 %, respectively. A significantly low content (p<0.001) of populations of CD8+ T-cells of effector memory (T_EM; CD44⁺CD62L^-) in the spleen was found to be 4.9±1.39 % compared with T-cells (T_EM; CD44⁺CD62L^-) of red bone marrow brain 11.04±2.58 %.

Conclusion. The population of CD4⁺ T-cells of effector memory (T_EM) accumulates in large numbers in the spleen in order to further respond with a cellular or humoral mechanism in response to the penetration of an antigen into the body. The bone marrow quantitatively and qualitatively surpasses the spleen in the accumulation and placement of effector (T_EM) and central memory (T_CM) CD8⁺ T cells, which are responsible for immunological memory and adaptive immune response.

Purpose: to identify the optimal ways of taking blood from rats in the framework of a chronic experiment.

Materials and methods. Two series of studies were conducted, in the first of which a comparative assessment of the diameter of the venipuncture needle was carried out. In the second series, the volume of blood received with and without anticoagulant was determined. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats, using butterfly needles with a flexible catheter of various sizes - 23G, 24G and 25G, a 2 ml syringe and heparin diluted with saline in a ratio of 1:10 (500 IU/ml).

Results. In a scientific experiment, it was found that the optimal size of the butterfly needle for blood sampling in laboratory rats is G-24 (needle diameter 0.55 mm). Needles with a smaller diameter are not suitable for blood sampling, as a blood clot forms in their lumen, which significantly reduces the volume of blood taken. Butterfly catheters with a large needle diameter (needle diameter 0.6 mm) create the effect of vessel tamponade. The results of the second series of experiments indicate a significant increase in the volume of blood received with the use of an anticoagulant than without it. This is confirmed in the intergroup comparison of the amount of blood obtained in rats of the first group (with the use of anticoagulant) by 46.5 % higher than in the second group (without the use of anticoagulant) (P<0.05).

Conclusion. The conducted studies indicate that when taking blood from the tail vein of rats, the optimal size of the butterfly needle was 24G. Also, the use of a heparin solution at a concentration of 500 U / ml made it possible to obtain a blood volume from rats that was 46.5 % higher than without the use of an anticoagulant. The use of this method in practice (a syringe and a G-24 butterfly catheter together with an anticoagulant) actualizes multiple blood sampling in a chronic experiment, reduces the laboriousness of the blood sampling process and minimizes trauma to laboratory animals.

Purpose: determining the prognostic value of leukocyte indexes of intoxication and reactivity in fish under the action of some physicochemical stressors.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was the lady of the roach of ordinary Rutilus Rutilus (L.). Control and experimental groups were formed taking into account the principle of analogues (n = 90). The average mass (PP) is 5.29 ± 1.0 g, length (TL) - 7.22 ± 0.39 cm, fish of the juvenile period of development (the sexual structure was not installed). The individuals were accumulated (10 days) and contained the following indices in aquariums (volume - 200 l.) We examined the core index, a leukocytic index of intoxication, blood leukocyte shear index, and a leukocytal index. As physico-chemical stressors, subcutal concentrations of copper (exposition in copper salt 0.01 mg/l and 0.1 mg/l for 7 and 14 days) were studied; imitation of the main phase and the initial period of the phase of geomagnetic storm; The action of high temperature.

Results. The analysis of leukocyte indexes of intoxication and reactivity showed that in fish the Krebs index and a leukocytic index have the greatest prognostic importance. The information content of the blood leukocyte shear index and the leukocyte intoxication index should be considered controversial. The blood leukocyte shift index increased only with the exposure of copper salts for 14 days and with the action of physical stressors. Statistically significant changes in the blood leukocyte shift index during exposure by copper salts for 7 days have not been revealed, which may indicate a low sensitivity of the index. The results obtained during the calculation of the leukocyte index of intoxication are similar to the results when determining the Krebs index. Specific changes in the index under the action of physico-chemical stressors have not been identified.

Purpose: describe the histological structure and morphometric parameters of the crop of broiler chickens and determine the effect of the multienzyme preparation and humic substances on its structure.

Materials and methods. The multienzyme preparation contained beta-gluconase, pentosanase, proteolytic, lipolytic, cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes. Group 1 received the main diet, balanced in all respects. Group 2 received an enzyme preparation 1 g/kg of feed in addition to the main ration. Group 3 received 1 g/kg of sodium humate feed in addition to the main diet. Group 4 received both an enzyme preparation and sodium humate, 1 g/kg of compound feed, in addition to the main diet. Withdrawal from the experiment occurred at 28 and 49 days of age. For research, 5 samples of crop from the group were selected.

Results. Studies have shown ongoing processes of growth and differentiation of structures within 49 days of cultivation. The thickness of the crop wall in birds of the control group decreases by 11.8 %, which may be due to an increase in the size of the organ, its fullness and the mechanical effect of the feed components on its wall. The decrease in the thickness of the wall of the crop by 49 days of age occurs mainly due to a decrease in the thickness of the muscular membrane by 38.5 %. The relative mucosal height increases with bird age from 44 % at 4 weeks of age to 53 % at 49 days of age. An increase in the height of the epithelium by 6.4 % is observed, and the thickness of the lamina propria decreases with age. By 49 days of age, in all experimental groups, the muscular coat is significantly larger, and the submucosa is smaller than in the control group. The maximum thickness of the muscular membrane in group 2 is 1.6 times more than in group 1. The relative height of the epithelium is minimal in groups 2 and 3 - 44 %. In these groups, a significantly greater wall thickness was observed than in the control group, mainly due to the muscular layer. Sodium humate does not adversely affect the structure of the crop. Long-term use of the multi-enzyme complex irritates the mucous membrane in the first period of cultivation. This is expressed in an increase in the thickness of the epithelium by 20%. Further, the wall adapts to the irritating effect of the drug, and in the second period of cultivation, no negative effect on the crop mucosa was found in this group. The complex use of additives in the first period of cultivation leads to inhibition of the development of all structures of the mucosa, except for the epithelium. Apparently, the negative effect of the enzyme preparation is affecting. But at the same time, the irritating effect of additives on the mucous membrane is not observed, since the height of the epithelium does not change significantly. Apparently, in this case, we see a positive adaptogenic effect of humic substances on the organ wall. In the second growing period, no negative effect of additives on the crop wall was found.

Conclusion. The wall thickness of the crop decreases with age, due to a decrease in the thickness of the muscular membrane. The height of the epithelium in the mucosa increases. Long-term use of sodium humate does not adversely affect the histological structure of the crop. The continuous use of enzyme preparations irritates the mucous membrane of the crop in the first period of cultivation, in the second period of such an effect of the additive is not observed. The combined use of these additives does not irritate the wall of the crop.

Purpose: optimizing the reproduction of sheep in the economy of the Rostov region.

Materials and methods. 3 groups of disemeters of 50 goals in each were formed. In the first experimental group, the disemeted was in a meticulous manner with a ram-industrialist (artificial kriproporchid), in the second experimental-with a penEexctomed ram-industrialist. In the third (control) group, a producer ram was used. In the first experimental group of a ram-industrialist (artificial kriproporchid) with attached taps were released into a group of sheep twice a day for 1.5-2 hours. In the second experimental group of a penEctomed ram, it was placed in the corral to the disemetery in the morning for 3 hours. In the third group, the lamb producer was constantly with the disemets for two weeks, then he was changed on a new ram i.e. Used the methodology used in the farm. During the experiment, they observed the behavior of animals of all groups. In the experimental groups, after the detection of disemeters in the hunt, their natural insemination of the manufacturer was carried out. Based on the results of the subsequent oster, the effectiveness of the reproduction of sheep was evaluated.

Results. The results we get indicate the effectiveness of the reflexological stimulation of the sexual function of females using rams-industry. So in groups where the male industrialists used to hunt and were fruitfully inseminated 96 % and 98 % of the disemeters, respectively. 54 and 53 lambs per 50 uterus were received from them, 6 twin in the first group and 4 in the second. In the control group, with the constant presence of the manufacturer, 82 % of the disemeted were fruitfully inseminated, from which 44 lambs were received by 50 queens, which is explained by an increased load on the male. There was only 3. The third group was only 3. The method of stimulating females with the help of rams-industrialists allows you to increase the amount of offspring and rationally operate the ramps of manufacturers.

Purpose: to conduct a comparative analysis of the effect of commercial media BO-IVC and СR1aa at the stage of the activation and subsequent culture of artificially activated oocytes on the formation and quality of parthenogenetic bovine embryos.

Materials and methods. 3 groups of disemeters of 50 goals in each were formed. In the first experimental group, the disemeted was in a meticulous manner with a ram-industrialist (artificial kriproporchid), in the second experimental-with a penEexctomed ram-industrialist. In the third (control) group, a producer ram was used. In the first experimental group of a ram-industrialist (artificial kriproporchid) with attached taps were released into a group of sheep twice a day for 1.5-2 hours. In the second experimental group of a penEctomed ram, it was placed in the corral to the disemetery in the morning for 3 hours. In the third group, the lamb producer was constantly with the disemets for two weeks, then he was changed on a new ram i.e. Used the methodology used in the farm. During the experiment, they observed the behavior of animals of all groups. In the experimental groups, after the detection of disemeters in the hunt, their natural insemination of the manufacturer was carried out. Based on the results of the subsequent oster, the effectiveness of the reproduction of sheep was evaluated.

Results. The cleavage rate did not differ between the experimental groups, varying from 73,0 to 76,5%. Also, there was not found a significant effect of the conditions for post-activation culture of oocytes on their development before late morula and late blastocyst stage, which was for the CR1aa/CR1aa, CR1aa/BO-IVC and BOIVC/ BO-IVC groups 28,9±1,7, 40,4±7,5 and 36,0±6.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, we found out the effect of tested culture conditions on the ability of parthenogenetic embryos to overcome the 8-16 cell block and their quality on the late stages of embryo development. The rate of embryos with less than 16 nuclei was the highest in the CR1aa/CR1aa group (56,8±2,1 %). The replacement of CR1aa medium to BO-IVC medium (BO-IVC/BO-IVC group) significantly reduced this level (p<0,05). The positive effect was enhanced when CR1aa medium was used at the stage of culture in the presence of 6-DMAP and cycloheximide, and subsequent embryo development was in BO-IVC medium (CR1aa/BO-IVC group) (p<0.001). Furthermore, when we used the mixed variant of culture, the total cell number in parthenogenetic morula and blastocyst stage embryos increased (p<0.05).

Conclusion. Thus, the BO-IVC medium at the stages of post-activation and subsequent development of artificially activated bovine oocytes is comparable to the CR1aa medium in terms of the efficiency of obtaining parthenogenetic embryos at the blastocyst stage. Nevertheless, its replacement at the post-activation stage with CR1aa medium makes it possible to improve the quality of parthenogenetic embryos.

Purpose: study of the characteristics of the antenatal development of the offspring of rats treated with an aqueous extract of centella asiatica as an additional load.

Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on 126 (90 females and 36 males) white outbred rats, which were divided equally into 9 groups and, in accordance with the group affiliation, as well as the established period, received daily intragastrically an aqueous plant extract of Centella asiatica at a dose of 30 mg/100 g of body weight animal, 1 ml: group 1 - intact animals (control); group 2 - females and males received an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica for 30 days before pregnancy; group 3 - an aqueous extract of Centella Asiatica for 30 days received females before pregnancy, and males - distilled water; group 4 - an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica for 30 days received males before mating, females - distilled water before mating; group 5 - an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica within 30 days before mating and up to 13 days of pregnancy, females received, and males - distilled water; group 6 - an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica within 30 days before mating and from 14 to 20 days of pregnancy, females received, and males - distilled water; group 7 - an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica from 1 to 13 days of pregnancy received females, males - distilled water; group 8 - water extract of centella asiatica from 14 to 20 days of pregnancy received females, males - distilled water; Group 9 - an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica within 30 days before mating and within 20 days of pregnancy, females received, and males - distilled water. Animals of the control group received daily intragastric distilled water, 1 ml. Standard methods were used to obtain dated gestation females. Accounting for the results of the experiment was carried out on the 20th day of pregnancy of rats by euthanasia of animals, the number of live, dead, reserved fetuses was counted, marking the implantation sites, the anatomical structure of the fetuses, their weight and size were evaluated; embryonic (pre- and post-implantation) death of fetuses was considered, anomalies of external and internal development were revealed.

Results. Additional intragastric loading of male and female rats with an aqueous extract of centella asiatica contributed to an increase in the average number of fetuses in a litter, corpus luteum per 1 female, implantation sites, a decrease in pre-implantation death of embryos and overall mortality, as well as an increase in the weight of fetuses and their cranio-caudal sizes, moreover, the duration of the load was expressed in a more positive trend. The load for 50 days was reflected in the highest rates among the studied groups. With regard to the presence of anomalies in the external and internal development of the fetus, an extremely low percentage of individuals with defects should be noted, both in the control and experimental groups.

Purpose: to study the age of manufacturers, the share of their participation in the rut and assess the contribution of males of wild deer to the implementation of reproductive cycles of the Taimyr population in the period 1993–2008.

Materials and methods. The fees of the material were carried out in the period 1993-2008. On Western Taimyr and Putoran plateau. To identify the environmental-morphophysiological characteristics of males (a pre-productive group 1–3+, reproductive low-ranking and high-ranking males from 4 years and older) performed selective weighing of 38 males in the summer-autumn period (August-October). The body weight of the animal is an indirect reproductive sign of its strength. For low -ranking, animals were taken with a live weight of 80 to 130 kg. High -ranking bulls with body weight for 130 kg were attributed. During the period of spring migration 2001, 2004, 2006. 37 males are balanced. The reproductive success of males was evaluated from the values of the potential fertility of adult females in herds of spring migration flows 1998–2006. During scientific shootings in April -May, 218 pregnant and Yalov female wild deer deer were examined. The reproductive contribution of adult males in the seasonal reproductive cycles of this part of the Taimyr population (the number of fruits per 100 adult females) was calculated from the equality of two relations (proportions) - sexually mature females of this commercial sample (A) to pregnant females of this sample (B) and 100 sexually mature females ( c) to pregnant females (D), i.e. By the main property of the proportion. The individual age of the males was evaluated according to the layered structures of the incisors [12] of the formed layers of the cement of the cutter I1, previously decalcinated by a 5 % solution of nitric acid. Sections of males from samples 1993–2008. Received on a microtome with a freezing model X MZ-1. To count the annual rings of wild reindeer, samples were painted with hematoxylane Erlich.

Results. According to selective data (n = 128), the reproductive age of males of Taimyr wild deer was investigated: bulls of 14 age groups from 3 years and older are involved in Gona. The main contribution is made by age groups from 4 to 9 years. These males make up 78.9 % of the reproductive nucleus that supports the reproduction of the population. Until the age of 7, the number of males participating in the rut is growing. From 8 years, the fraction of manufacturers is reduced. In terms of age distribution, the decline of highly productive males begins with 6 years. The largest number of potential manufacturers is provided by 5–7-lite groups (48.42 %), but the maximum number of reproductive males in age distribution is concentrated in a 5-year group, quite numerous in the population-9.4 %. The maximum reproductive age is 16 years (1 male or 0.78 % of the reproductive nucleus). The average age of reproductive males in the population of 7.14 years. The race of animals in West Taimyr flows from October 19–20 to November 9–15 (3-4 weeks). Mating occurs both in short -term large aggregations that combine several hundred to one thousand animals, and in harem groups from 8 to 30 individuals. The average size of harems was detected in the range of 16.2 goals (n = 24). The average indicator of the reproductive contribution of males: 76.6 ± 3.28 fruits per 100 sexually mature females.

Purpose: to systematize and analyze scientific information about diluents of sperm of farm animals in the process of its cryopreservation, taking into account specific features

Assisted reproductive technologies are extremely in demand in animal husbandry at the moment, especially with regard to artificial insemination. However, this technology is of priority importance if the sperm is stored for a long period when the sperm is cryopreserved. At the same time, numerous studies have established that the cryopreservation process causes adverse changes in germ cells, which leads to their damage or death, and partially irreversible damage to the morphological structures of cells occurs. To obtain high results from the use of frozen-thawed sperm, it is necessary to prevent damage to spermatozoa. In this regard, the use of sperm diluents is urgent. Each type of animal sperm has its own distinctive parameters volume, concentration, chemical composition, osmotic pressure, pH, etc. Therefore, it is difficult to develop a universal sperm diluent suitable for each type of animal.

Biological diversity of bee - the genetic resource in Russia, which enables maintaining homeostasis of ecosystems through pollination entomophilies plants. The biodiversity of bees in human life has ecological, social, economic and aesthetic significance. Of particular interest in the preservation of biodiversity are taxonomically isolated species and populations, not resemble others and therefore unique in their genetic constitution. These species are often endemic, that is limited to the dissemination of one area. Their extinction of will mean the loss of biodiversity. Uncontrolled introduction of bees of different species breeds and populations leads to the spread of diseases and hidden genetic defects. In the process of mass introduction of not adapted breeds of honey bees there is a loss of breed diversity of endemic populations, accompanied by a narrowing of breeding opportunities and a reduction in pollinators. Using modern methods of monitoring with the use of microsatellite analysis to improve the efficiency study of the gene pool of honeybees. Biotechnological methods of artificial insemination of Queens and cryopreservation of drone sperm in liquid nitrogen allow preserving the gene pool of endangered native breeds of honeybees. The use of these methods makes it possible to avoid polyandry and conduct controlled mating in breeding and genetic studies. Obtaining a culture of honeybee cells is promising for a more in-depth study of the interaction with intracellular infectious agents, genomic and epigenetic mechanisms of variability of this unique object.

Purpose: to establish the reliability of diagnostic markers and determine a change in the metabolic status in Novostic sick cows with acute purulent-catarrhal inflammation of the uterus.

Materials and methods. Under the supervision were 2758 lactating cows. The clinical diagnosis of purulent-cataral metritis at the first-and-and-out cows in the early postpartum period was carried out as part of the obstetric and gynecological dispensation. Samples of blood for hematological studies were selected from cows before the morning meal, when confirming the diagnosis, acute purulent-catarrhal methy (n = 15), it was possible to study the “acid-abbreal state” systems (braids) and “lipid oxidation-antioxidant protection” (gender ”(gender -Aoz). During the analysis, the voltage in the blood of oxygen, carbon dioxide, buffer of blood, primary products of lipid peroxidation - the estimate was carried out according to the concentration of cdist and recreation center, isolated double bonds and ketodene. In the diagnosis of acute purulent-catarrhal inflammation of the former engraving horn of the uterus, from the 3rd to 10th day after the hotel at the Novotniki cows, which degree of the cervix was covered and the excudate is allocated from the genitals.

Results. Acute inflammation of the uterus on the 9th ... 14th day after calving on echograms has a more pronounced cavity, which is increased by 1.72 times in comparison with echograms obtained from clinically healthy animals of the same study period, and the thickness of the uterine wall is increased by 1.71 times than in healthy animals and averaged 28.2 ± 0.6 mm. On echograms of the uterus, when scanning a sick animal with acute postpartum metritis, the cavity is identified with a diameter of 67.8 ± 4.6 mm, filled with purulent-catarrhal exudate with echopositive inclusions of medium and high density. In the field of view of the microscope on histopreparations, we clearly record the peeling of the epithelium by layers. Cellular infiltration of the endometrial and myometrial lamina is expressed. There are many plasma cells among the infiltrate cells. The mesothelium is preserved. Laboratory studies of blood samples obtained from sick cows revealed a shift in the content of buffer bases to 18.41 ± 1.53 mmol /l, a decrease to 2.25 ± 0.16 mmol / l of glucose, which indicates deviations in the daily metabolism characteristic of metabolic disorders with symptoms of metritis on the 5th ... 10th day after calving. In case of cow disease with acute purulent-catarrhal inflammation of the former gravid horn of the uterus, an increase of 2.24 times in the amount of malondialdehyde, 1.75 times in the intermediate products of ketodienes, as well as conjugated trienes in the blood plasma of new-bodied animals was confirmed. At the beginning of lactation, in the first ten days of the postpartum period, there is a decrease in the level of total protein and the fraction of γ - globulins in sick animals with acute purulent-catarrhal inflammation of the uterus, which is compensated by high stabilization of the processes of formation and elimination of medium circulating immune complexes with high affinity of antibodies.

Purpose: assessment of the introduction of innovations in the conditions of a pig -breeding complex.

A special role in increasing the profitability of agricultural production is given to the use of digital technologies. The authors organized a local network that provides the collection of information about animals throughout the entire period of their use, as a result of which the database is constantly updated with new information. The problem of the correct organization of the in-line process of reproduction of the herd and the uniform production of young animals of the desired condition was solved by scientists of the Don State Agrarian University using the system of index evaluation of young animals, which is implemented in the ACC program package. The complex of ACC programs allows you to keep records of the presence and condition of breeding and commercial pigs; compile reports on the movement of the herd for a day, month, quarter, year; promptly and comprehensively analyze the productivity of animals, timely detect and eliminate deviations in technological indicators; optimize the reproduction process to reduce the number of sow failures; timely identification of sows not coming to hunt; accounting for abortions, causes of death, production rhythm disturbances; accounting for the quantity and quality of sperm production of boars-producers. All this makes it possible to reduce unproductive technological downtime and reduce losses in the production of final products, identify the causes of rejection, conduct a reliable assessment of the quality of work of insemination technicians, animal care operators, as well as analyze veterinary measures. The use of new methods for assessing the breeding value of animals, index selection based on the use of computer technology creates ample opportunities for further improvement of breeding management systems. The positive experience of step-by–step introduction of breeding methods and comprehensive work on a closed circuit "production - science – IT solutions - production" allows you to increase not only the quantity of products, but also its quality.

Purpose: Creation of a device and a new methodology for registering an electrocardiogram that does not require fixation of dogs and impose electrodes.

Materials and methods. Two groups have formed that included clinically healthy 12 dogs of small breeds with a weight category of 10 kg, age restrictions were from 3 to 5 years. Electrocardiograms were recorded as a standard veterinary electrocardiogram, so on the CONAN hardware and software, using standard I, II, III ECG of lead. Electrodes "Crocodile" were fixed on the skin of the pelvic folds, the skin near the elbow joint. The second stage of the study was based on the creation of a contact platform capable of registering a nervous impulse. The proposed methodology for registering electrophysiological activity of the heart is based on the creation of mycal electrodes that can perceive indications in the position of the studied animal standing, excluding a stressful effect, lowering the degree of excitation. The third stage of the study was to register an electrocardiogram through a contact site, followed by assessment and comparison with classical methods.

Results. In the testimony of atrial and ventricular complexes, when using both methods, there were no differences. The amplitude is preserved, the distance between the intervals did not change. During the observation, the lack of pronounced excitement in dogs was revealed when using the simulated site, which, in turn, facilitates the interpretation procedure. The observation revealed a reduction in the time spent on research when using an experimental methodology.

Studies of the electrophysiological indicators of the VCR in the Cows of the Jersey breed with different levels of autonomic regulation were not previously carried out, and their normal values in the accessible literature are not described. Given the subtlety of the mechanisms of autonomic heart regulation, there is a need to expand the diagnosis of very common heart disease in animals. The purpose of research is to study the electrophysiological parameters of the variability of the heart rhythm in cattle to assess the possibility of including them in an integrated approach to the analysis of the functioning of the heart in animals. The 103 healthy cows of the Jersey breed studied. The dependence of the change in electrophysiological indicators of the variability of the heart rhythm on the vegetative status of the animal has been studied. To register cardio intervalograms, a computer complex electrophysiological laboratory “Conan - 4.5” was used. The recording was carried out in cattle in a calm state in a standing position. The electrophysiological indicators of the VCR were studied. In this regard, it is advisable to include the assessment of these parameters to include in the basic set of a complex of diagnostics of heart disease in cattle.