Purpose: to study the effect of complex additives based on a protein hydrolyzate together with an iron-containing preparation on the metabolism of pregnant goats of the Saanen breed of the first lactation in the most stressful functional states of the body in the life of a female (the last stage of pregnancy and the postpartum period) according to the physiological, biochemical and hormonal status of the blood of animals, grown in an industrial complex.

Materials and methods. Experimental studies were carried out on Saanen goats from the moment of 110 days (days) of their pregnancy upon reaching 30 days. offspring obtained from the studied animals, in the conditions of an industrial complex. In the experiment, 24 pregnant Saanen goats (first pregnancy) were used, of which 8 goats were combined into a control group, and 16 into two experimental groups, divided equally. The content and feeding of goats and kids obtained from them was zootechnically determined. In addition to the diet, the experimental animals received a biological supplement based on a protein hydrolyzate, 40 ml/head/day. and an iron-containing preparation, 10 ml/animal/day. One experimental group received the preparation "Abiopeptid" + "Bio-iron with microelements", the other - "Abiotonic" + "Bio-iron with microelements". All dietary supplements were administered to animals orally through individual numbered syringes of 20 and 10 ml. Animals received dietary supplements continuously from 110 days of pregnancy until the resulting offspring reaches 30 days. (i.e. 70 days - 40 during gestation and 30 after delivery). To assess the state of control and experimental goats, blood was taken (at 150 days of gestation and after 30 days from birth), followed by biochemical and hormonal analysis.

Results. With regard to the use of bioadditives based on protein hydrolyzate in goats of the last stage of pregnancy and the beginning of the first lactation, in terms of the parameters of the physiological, biochemical and hormonal blood status, it should be noted that the beneficial properties of bioadditives aimed at enhancing the catabolic processes of the body will be effective only if the animals are provided with favorable micro- and macroclimatic parameters, in particular, a sufficient and complete diet. In case of violation of the conditions of detention, the effectiveness of biologically active substances will be provided at the expense of the body's own reserves. It should be noted the effectiveness of the iron-containing preparation "Bio-iron", used in feeding goats that are at the late stage of the pregnancy of the first pregnancy and during the milking period of the first lactation.

Purpose: To study the mechanisms of reducing the concentration of estrogens in the mammary gland.

Materials and methods. In the experiment, breast preparations obtained from lactating rats were used. Estradiol receptors were detected using autoradiographic study and biochemical method in the cytosolic fraction. The specificity of estradiol binding was determined as the difference between the total binding during incubation in a medium containing 10-9 M ³H-17 β estradiol and binding during incubation in a medium containing, in addition to the labeled hormone, a 100-fold excess of unlabeled estradiol. During the washing process, structures with significant affinity for the hormone were revealed.

Results. As a result of the study, the reception of estradiol by the cells of the alveolar part of the mammary gland during lactation was established. In the alveoli of the mammary gland, there is an intense binding of labeled estradiol by glandular cells and leukocytes. At high values of specific binding of estradiol, intensely labeled cells are located in the form of a close cluster. An indicator of the membrane binding of estradiol is the numerous silver granules accumulating over the cell border.

Conclusion. The study made it possible to analyze the reception of estradiol in hormone-dependent tissue (mammary gland). Leukocyte cells have estrogen receptors, which reduce the level of the hormone as a result of lactation. In the mammary gland, there is a mechanism for reducing the concentration of estrogens. The ability of leukocyte receptor binding allows us to speak about the role of milk and colostrum cells in reducing the level of estrogens, which is one of the important factors in reducing the development of pathological processes in breast tissues.

Purpose: to study the dynamics of insulin in different periods of the flow of different breeds: a golstinized black-and-haired, Simmental, Aberdeen-Angus and Knieuted Netele (Simmental X Aberdin-Anguskaya).

Materials and methods. The object of research was not there was a golstinized Black-and-white, Simmental, Aberdin-Anguskaya and crossbreeds (golstinized Black-and-white x Simmental) in each group in each group. Explust animals were grown in the same conditions. During all periods of experience, Kalles took blood samples until morning feeding. In blood samples, the level of insulin was determined by the immunofortment method. The level of feeding of the heels corresponded to the zootechnical norms.

Results. Before insemination, the level of insulin in black-and-chilled heifers was 11.0 ± 0.5, in the Simmental-12.1 ± 0.6, in Aberdin-Angus-12.8 ± 0.6, in the combed-13.1 ± 0 , 7 μma/ml. In the future, with an increase in the duration of animals, the concentration of this hormone in the blood increased and by the 5th month the concentration of insulin was noted as the maximum for the entire period. In black-and-playing, in this period, the level of insulin increased to 12.3 ± 0.6, in the Simmental to 13.0 ± 0.8, in the Aberdine-Anguski to 14.1 ± 0.7, in Monnie, up to 14, 4 ± 0.7 μm/ml. By the end, the level of insulin in the blood of the miles was significantly reduced in black-and-playing noles by 9 months of age, it was 10.2 ± 0.6, in the Simmental-10.5 ± 0.7, in the Aberdine-Angus-11.4 ± 0. , 7, in the Knieut - 12.6 ± 0.7 mkm/ml. In all periods, the relatively low level of insulin was marked by black-festivities in relation to the compared breeds: Simmental, Aberdeen-Anguska and Knight Netel.

Purpose: the study of biochemical and morphological indicators of the blood of dogs of small breeds with obesity depending on age, breed and weight.

Materials and methods. The analysis of biochemical and morphological indicators of blood 21 dogs of small breeds in the summer-autumn period was analyzed. The age distribution was from 3 to 13 years. In the blood serum, the level of total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, total calcium, phosphorus, the activity of aspartateataminostrostrostrase (asat), alanineine -orgrase (alat), alkaline phosphatase were determined. In stabilized blood, indicators of hematocrit, hemoglobin, the number of red blood cells, leukocytes and platelets were determined. The determination of blood indicators was carried out according to generally accepted methods.

Results. Higher indicators of the activity of asat enzymes and alkaline phosphatase in the absence of a significant increase in the activity of Alat, the activity of which will increase primarily with the liver damage, were identified. When evaluating red blood indicators, the most visual change was a decrease in the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit, both with the course of age and with an increase in body weight. This may indicate inhibition of hematopoietic function in animals with increased fat mass of the body, possibly due to chronic prolonged inflammation as a result of the release of inflammatory adipokins with fat tissue. The chronic damaging effect of the presumably adipokins of adipose tissue, expressed in the non -specific increase in the activity of blood serum enzymes, anemia of chronic inflammation and moderate leukocytosis in the absence of obvious clinical signs. All of these factors have a negative impact on the work of all organs and systems, including reproductive, as well as significantly reduce the quality and life expectancy of dogs.

Purpose: to study the dynamics of catalase activity in the blood and liver liver tissues with oxidative stress caused by the modeling of dyslipoproteinemia with the subsequent mechanical trauma of the skeletal muscle.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on white, unconventional sexual healthy rags of six months of age, weighing 200-230 grams, in the amount of 120 pieces contained in standard conditions of vivarium. All animals were divided into four groups, 30 animals in each group. Animals of the first group are intact rats to which no effects were applied. Animals of the second group (regeneration control) had a mechanical dissection in the area of the middle third of the calf muscle of the posterior limb. Animals of 1 and 2 groups were on the standard diet of Vivaria and had free access to water and food. The animals of the third and fourth groups were first modeled by dyslipoprotein for 63 days. All this time, animals received a high -carb and high -fat diet with a weight of dry substances increased up to 30 % and replacement of drinking water with a 20 % fructose solution. After the specified time, the animals of the fourth group were injured by the middle third of the calf muscle of the posterior limb. The activity of catalase was investigated in animals before the start of the experiment, as well as on 1, 3, 5, 14, 21 days of experience according to the standard methodology of Queen M. A. The capture of the material and the removal of rats from the experiment was carried out with accurate observance of all ethical norms applicable to laboratory animals . Under etheric anesthesia, a blood fence was made, and then the liver fence, which was washed with physiological solution and frozen. Then, by mechanical grinding of fabrics weighing 1 g and mixing with 9 ml of Tris Bufer (pH 7.4), homogenates were prepared in an automatic homogen at a speed of 5,000 rpm in a vessel with double walls, constantly cooled by running water.

Results. The mechanical trauma of the calf muscle and dyslipoprotemia contributed to the intensification of oxidative processes at the local and systemic levels of the body, but the combination of these facts was characterized by extremely intense oxidative stress and led to a decrease in the activity of catalase in the blood and liver tissues.

Purpose: the study of the exposure of the prototype of sagging and the phospholipid complex of lecithin for the intermediate exchange and enzymatic activity of the anti -radical protection of the body of quails in the presence of a subtoxic dose of nitrates in the compound feeds.

Materials and methods. To carry out a scientific and production experiment, meat caves "Pharaoh" were used. From per diem, 4 groups of experimental birds of 50 goals in each were formed on the principle of groups of groups analogues. Compound feeds used for feeding are quittered, grown for meat, were prosperous in the presence of nitrates. With this in mind, for the purity of the experiment, they additionally introduced sodium nitrate in a dose of 40 g/t feed in their composition for all groups in the role of the source of these xenobiotics. At the same time, the presence of nitrates in the diet in a subtoxic dose was ensured. A sagitol’s sagitot at a dose of 1250 g/t, for the 3rd group-1000 g/t lacitin, for the 4th-1250 g/t of the sagitol test + 1000 g/t Lecin, was added to the feed. The 1st group was controlled - for birds of these groups in compensation, sagitol and lecithin were not added to determine the effectiveness of denitrification studied the basic morphological and biochemical parameters of blood and the activity of enzymes of anti -radical protection of the body of quails (5 heads in the group) aged 42 days.

Results. In the course of the studies, it was first established that joint supplements in the diets of produces of produces of sagol at a dose of 1.25 kg/t of feed and lecithin at a dose of 1.0 kg/t food contributed to effective denitrification in the body of the plyona breed. This was manifested in a reliable (p <0.05) increase in the bird of the 3rd experimental group regarding control in the liquid internal environment of the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, as well as in a decrease in the concentration of metghemoglobin by 45.17% (p <0.05) . With joint additives in the diets of probiotic and lecithin, an improvement in the state of natural resistance and antioxidant protection of the poultry body was observed, which was manifested in an increase in the quails of the 3rd experimental group regarding control of lysozymic activity by 2.99% (p <0.05), bacticipid by 11.09% (p <0.05) and the activity of glutathioneperoxidase - by 43.22% (p <0.05) with a decrease in catalase activity - by 17.46% (p <0.05). Under the influence of these drugs, the quails of 3 of the experimental group observed the best level of denitrification, which in the blood serum increased the amount of uric acid by 42.56% (p <0.05) due to a decrease in nitrates by 50.54% (p <0 , 05) and nitrites - by 60.55% (p <0.05).

Purpose: to establish electrophysiological parameters of the teeth of electrocardiograms and analyze them in animals with different vegetative status.

Materials and methods. The removal of electrocardiograms from the Jersey breed cows was carried out according to the methodology of M.P. Roshchevsky, 3-3.5 hours before eating. The ECG received during the study was subjected to mathematical processing using the Conan -4.5 laboratory. The studied animals were kept on the livestock complex with a stall year -round animal content system.

Results. In the cows of the Jersey breed, during the study, the numerical values of the -t, a tooth -p and a tooth -r teeth have received numerical values. Analysis of the variability of heart rhythm (VCR) is a widely used method in medical practice to evaluate autonomic regulation and heart condition. A mathematical analysis of heart rhythm rhythms for determining the state of the autonomic nervous system is important for the pathogenetic treatment of many diseases. During a mathematical analysis of electrocardiograms, the breeding features of the variability of the heart rhythm of the Jersey breed cows were established, taking into account the autonomic tone. In this regard, it is advisable to include the assessment of these parameters to include in the basic set of a complex of diagnosis of heart disease in cattle. The study of the cardiovascular system is of great importance in veterinary treatment and preventive work.

The purpose is to monitor the number and analyze the condition of the main breeds of cattle of meat productivity, bred on the territory of the Russian Federation. Currently, in Russia, mainly Aberdeen-Angus and Hereford breeds are being bred from meat-producing breeds, and from domestic breeds – Kalmyk and Kazakh white-headed, as a rule, in the southern territories and it is ineffective in terms of their meat qualities, although the genetic potential is quite high, but without updating the gene pool, attempts to improve the productivity of our breeds of cattle, will be in vain.

Methods. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of systematization, logical and comparative statistical analysis. The information base of the research is the official materials of yearbooks in breeding work in beef cattle breeding (VNIIplem), periodicals.

Results. The breeding zone of the Kazakh white–headed breed includes a continuous strip along the southern territories of our country - from the Volga to the Amur region, including bordering areas with the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as foothill and mountain provinces of Central Asian countries. The distribution area of the Kalmyk breed is quite extensive and covers the southeastern territories of the country - from the North Caucasus regions to Eastern Siberia. It should be noted that the trend of reducing the number of domestic meat breeds as a result of the introduction of a foreign gene pool into our country, where the conditions of keeping and feeding for imported imported cattle, as a rule, do not correspond to the full realization of productive qualities, and therefore, the adaptation process proceeds strenuously and leads to the loss of the industry. It seems more rational to introduce the world's genetic resources to improve economically useful qualities and improve the inherent genetic potential of domestic livestock, including through industrial crossing. In this regard, the Kazakh white-headed breed is quite competitive in relation to many imported breeds, and given its adaptive qualities, it should occupy its niche among other specialized meat breeds in the market of beef producers.

Purpose: identification of plant potential, ecological and economic suitability of deer pastures of the forest-tundra zone located in the zone of anthropogenic influence

Material and methods. Ground geobotanical survey of the vegetation cover of deer pastures was carried out by route method in accordance with the method of geobotanical studies. The ecological and economic value of each type of pasture was determined based on the data of the ecological and economic classification of deer pastures in the north.

Results. 25 species of reindeer pastures are described on the right bank of the Norilsk River in the northwestern part of the Putorana Plateau. On the basis of signs of uniformity in the structure of vegetation (proximity of species composition, similarity of vertical and horizontal structures), they are combined into 4 types: tundra, swamps, shrubs and light forests. Tundra (30.9%) and shrub (27.6%) types of pastures dominate. The most important feature is the active participation in the structure of phytocenoses of shrubs (Betula nana s. str, Salix glauca s. str, S. lanata s. str.) and shrubs (Ledum palustre. Vaccinium uliginosum s. str, V. vitis-idaea s. str.). Green fodder is most nutritious in the first half of summer. The nutritional value of fruticose lichens does not change during the year. Reindeer pastures with lichen cover and high (from 5 to 12 o-days/ha) reindeer capacity during the snowy period occupy insignificant (24.3%) areas. Basically, these are willow and dwarf dwarf shrub-lichen tundras and larch sparse forests of dwarf-shrub moss-lichen. The participation of lichens in the ground cover of plant communities does not exceed 25–35%. The following lichen species have been recorded: Cladonia arbuscula, C. stellaris, C. rangiferina, C. cornuta, C. deformis, C. mitis, Cetraria cucullata, and C. islandica. The most widespread species of the genus Cetraria: Cetraria islandica and C. cucullata, with a clear advantage of the latter. The main forage species of the genus Cladonia (Cladonia arbuscula, C. stellaris, C. rangiferina) are not widely distributed. Pastures with a high (from 9 o-days/ha to 14 o-days/ha) reindeer capacity in the summer, early autumn and late spring periods prevail in the study area. Basically, these are communities of shrub and marsh types. Shrubs (Salix glauca s. str, S. lanata s. str., S. hastata, Betula nana s. str.), shrubs (Salix reticulata, Vaccinium vitis-idaea s. str.) and forbs (species of the genera Petasites, Pedicularis, Astragalus, Hedysarum, Equisetum, Bistorta).

The paper presents the results of studying the associated effect of complex genotypes for the genes diacylglycerol O-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1), somatotropin (GH), prolactin (PRL) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) on the milk productivity of Holstein dairy cattle of domestic selection. The object of research was cattle and biological material (ear pluck) from cows of Holstein dairy cattle of domestic selection, contained in the agricultural production cooperative named after I.P. Senko, Grodno region. DNA genotyping of animals for the genes of diacylglycerol O-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1), somatotropin (GH), prolactin (PRL), and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and restriction fragment length polymorphism ( RFLP). The results of studies on the assessment of the associated effect of complex genotypes for the genes diacylglycerol O-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1), somatotropin (GH), prolactin (PRL) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) on the milk productivity of Holstein cows of dairy cattle domestic selection showed that in terms of the mass fraction of fat and the amount of milk fat in milk, in most cases, the highest rates were in animals with the complex genotype DGAT1ККGHLLPRLAABLGAB.

The paper presents the results of studying the associated effect of complex genotypes for the genes diacylglycerol O-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1), somatotropin (GH), prolactin (PRL) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) on the milk productivity of Holstein dairy cattle of domestic selection. The object of research was cattle and biological material (ear pluck) from cows of Holstein dairy cattle of domestic selection, contained in the agricultural production cooperative named after I.P. Senko, Grodno region. DNA genotyping of animals for the genes of diacylglycerol O-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1), somatotropin (GH), prolactin (PRL), and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and restriction fragment length polymorphism ( RFLP). The results of studies on the assessment of the associated effect of complex genotypes for the genes diacylglycerol O-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1), somatotropin (GH), prolactin (PRL) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) on the milk productivity of Holstein cows of dairy cattle domestic selection showed that in terms of the mass fraction of fat and the amount of milk fat in milk, in most cases, the highest rates were in animals with the complex genotype.

During sperm cryopxation, sperm damage occurs due to osmotic stress, which entails deviations into the DNA and deformation of the tail of a sperm. To minimize destructive changes in cells, antioxidants or cryoprotective media supplemented with nutrient components are used. Numerous studies have established that the use of mesenchymal stem cells and their secret increases the percentage of viable and mobile sperm. Also, many of the soluble secretory factors of mesenchymal stem cells can be in extracellular vesicles and act as mediators of many paracrine actions of mesenchymal stem cells. They play the role of vehicles to displace unwanted cellular proteins, but the data of different authors demonstrated their potential role in many biological processes, including contribution to cell regeneration, survival and change in the phenotype of reici cells. The attachment or internalization of microseusiculi in target cells causes a wide range of epigenetic and phenotypic changes in recipient cells, such as a change in the viability of recipient cells, their adhesive properties and sensitivity or resistance to certain environmental factors. Spermeatozoa using microseusicals can be considered as an effective biological approach to maintaining and improving the quality of sperm, in the future, it can improve their viability and progressive mobility after cryopenservation. The wide therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells and biologically active substances secreted by them requires further research to include sperm freezing in the protocols in order to overcome existing restrictions related to their use, and to clarify the exact mechanisms of their action. Further experiments, in particular in vivo, are necessary to confirm the actual clinical effects of these chemicals on the fertilizing ability of a spermatozoa. Thus, in this review, the issue of conducted studies in the field of use of mesenchymal stem cells and the substances they secrete during cryoponservation of animal sperm was covered.

Purpose: to establish the role of reproductive pathologies in high-yielding cows in reducing the sanitary quality of milk at dairy enterprises using various milking systems.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in high-tech dairy enterprises using GEA Dairy ProQ and Ley Astronaut robotic milking systems with cow productivity of more than 11 tons of milk per lactation. 4659 lactating cows were under observation. The selection of samples of uterine secretions, samples from the udder teats, the surface of the anogenital area, mammary gland and milk for bacteriological studies was carried out sterile, then they were sown on nutrient media.

Results. The contents of the uterus with pyometra in 80% are contaminated with microorganisms: S. dysgalactiae  – 29.1%, S. aureus – 26.4%, E. coli  – 24.2%, and S. agalactiae – 20.3%. In 12% of cows, the microflora was isolated in monoculture. In samples of milk obtained from sick cows with uterine pathology using Ley Astronaut robotic milking, it showed 1.72 times lower sanitary safety, in comparison with samples obtained from clinically healthy animals and using the GEA Dairy ProQ robotic milking system.

Conclusion. In samples of milk obtained from sick cows using the Ley Astronaut robotic milking system, a microbiological study found a decrease in the sanitary quality of milk, which is an obstacle in the production of cheese.

Purpose: diagnosis of the disease and the subsequent surgical treatment of the Golstinsky breed bullshit in connection with a violation of the development of the testis.

Materials and methods. The object of the study is the Golstein goby, which was born on a farm in Thuringia and then was contained in the general group (15 calves) on a deep straw litter. We carried out an early diagnosis of an animal disease aged 2 weeks, with a mass of 55 kg. During the clinical study, the condition of the calf was recorded as good, he actively took food, the clinical indicators were within normal limits, however, an increase in the volume of the scrotum that was inappropriate for its age was observed, and left -handed cryptorchidism was established. On the palpation of the scrotum, a slight soreness was noted, an increase in the right tested to 5 cm in length, 3 cm in width, the density of the shells of the testis and the fluctuation of the parenchyma. The left seed was not available for research due to its abdominal location. Since there was a rapid increase in the right seed, it was decided to carry out a unilateral castration of a bull to prevent the further development of the pathological process.

Results. Castration was carried out with a bloody closed way on a firm ligature. The remote organ in the section did not have a clearly expressed parenchyma, but contained many cystic formations with transparent, liquid contents, in some cysts the contents were an admixture of blood. As a result of the surgical treatment of the bull, a pathologically changed testicist was removed, the second testis, which is abdominal, was left. To date, this disease is not fully studied and requires further thorough studies.